1. The French and Indian War 1754-1763 War over control of North America between the French and British

2. Video Clip

3. Salutary Neglect Before 1763, the American colonists were quite happy with their situation because the British allowed them to govern themselves…..why? Before 1763, the American colonists were quite happy with their situation because the British allowed them to govern themselves…..why? Distance Distance England was busy with European wars England was busy with European wars Royal governors were supposed to enforce the law but colonial legislatures paid their salaries Royal governors were supposed to enforce the law but colonial legislatures paid their salaries

4. Power of the Purse Before 1763, colonial legislatures had the sole right to raise taxes. Before 1763, colonial legislatures had the sole right to raise taxes. After 1763, Parliament in London began raising taxes on the American colonies. After 1763, Parliament in London began raising taxes on the American colonies.

5. Mercantilism It was an economic system in the British empire. The sole purpose of the colonies was to enrich the economy of England. It was an economic system in the British empire. The sole purpose of the colonies was to enrich the economy of England.

6. Lack of free trade When it came to trade, the British parliament told Americans what they could and could not do. The British were in the middle of their industrial revolution: They needed raw materials to feed their factories, plus they needed markets to buy their finished goods. When it came to trade, the British parliament told Americans what they could and could not do. The British were in the middle of their industrial revolution: They needed raw materials to feed their factories, plus they needed markets to buy their finished goods.

7. Navigation Acts, 1650s The Navigation Acts were an example of England’s mercantilist policies. The Navigation Acts were an example of England’s mercantilist policies. Parliament regulated American trade: Parliament regulated American trade: The colonies could only trade with England The colonies could only trade with England If the colonies wanted to trade with other countries, goods had to be shipped on British ships and merchants had to pay a tax tp the British. If the colonies wanted to trade with other countries, goods had to be shipped on British ships and merchants had to pay a tax tp the British. Its purpose was to guarantee that only the British would profit from trade with the colonies. Its purpose was to guarantee that only the British would profit from trade with the colonies.

8. On the upside The Navigation Acts encouraged colonial shipbuilding The Navigation Acts encouraged colonial shipbuilding They provided the American colonists with a sure market for their goods. They provided the American colonists with a sure market for their goods. Thanks to the policy of salutary neglect, the British never really enforced these laws. Thanks to the policy of salutary neglect, the British never really enforced these laws.

9. On the downside Trade restrictions angered American colonists Trade restrictions angered American colonists When merchant violated British law, they were arrested as “smugglers.” When merchant violated British law, they were arrested as “smugglers.” To avoid this, American merchants bribed British officials. To avoid this, American merchants bribed British officials.

10. Who would control North America? Several European countries had colonies in North America. Several European countries had colonies in North America. England controlled the 13 colonies that lay east of the Appalachian Mountains. England controlled the 13 colonies that lay east of the Appalachian Mountains. France controlled Canada, plus French fur trappers traveled west of the Appalachians. France controlled Canada, plus French fur trappers traveled west of the Appalachians.

11. Map of American Colonies

12. The French and British Clash In American it was called the French and Indian War In American it was called the French and Indian War In Europe it was called the Seven Years’ War In Europe it was called the Seven Years’ War

13. The Ohio Valley The war began west of the Appalachians-near Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania The war began west of the Appalachians-near Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania The French claimed the region. The French claimed the region. For a decade, American settlers had been moving into the region. For a decade, American settlers had been moving into the region. George Washington had moved into the region- to survey the land and take it over! George Washington had moved into the region- to survey the land and take it over! The Virginians regarded this region as part of Virginia! The Virginians regarded this region as part of Virginia! They received land grants from the British government, moved into the region, and clashed with the French and their Native American allies. They received land grants from the British government, moved into the region, and clashed with the French and their Native American allies.

14. Native Americans They sided with the French because they were fur trappers, not settlers. (The British were settlers: they evicted Native Americans from the land.) They sided with the French because they were fur trappers, not settlers. (The British were settlers: they evicted Native Americans from the land.) The Iroquois sided with the British The Iroquois sided with the British The French built a line of forts west of the Appalachians. The French built a line of forts west of the Appalachians. They ran like this: Quebec, Montreal, the Great Lakes, and the Ohio Valley. They ran like this: Quebec, Montreal, the Great Lakes, and the Ohio Valley.

17. Albany Plan of Union: 1754 A Step Toward Colonial Unity In the middle of the war, Benjamin Franklin called a meeting in Albany, New York In the middle of the war, Benjamin Franklin called a meeting in Albany, New York It was the first attempt at uniting the 13 coloinies under one government It was the first attempt at uniting the 13 coloinies under one government He drew a cartoon with a snake chopped up into pieces entitled, “Unite or Die.” He drew a cartoon with a snake chopped up into pieces entitled, “Unite or Die.” The plan failed: The 13 colonies were not ready to unite under one government The plan failed: The 13 colonies were not ready to unite under one government (They did not unite until the First Continental Congress in 1775) (They did not unite until the First Continental Congress in 1775)

19. Treaty of Paris, 1763 The peace treaty that officially ended the French and Indian War The peace treaty that officially ended the French and Indian War England took Canada England took Canada England took everything east of the Mississippi England took everything east of the Mississippi

22. End of “Salutary Neglect” During the war, Parliament decided that neglecting the colonies was an unwise policy During the war, Parliament decided that neglecting the colonies was an unwise policy When the war ended in 1763, the British decided to clamp down on the thirteen colonies. When the war ended in 1763, the British decided to clamp down on the thirteen colonies.

23. The National Debt The British emerged from this war with a giant national debt. The British emerged from this war with a giant national debt. To pay it off, Parliament decided to tax the thirteen colonies. To pay it off, Parliament decided to tax the thirteen colonies. In response, the colonies protested that this was “taxation without representation.” In response, the colonies protested that this was “taxation without representation.” Two years after the war ended, the American colonists were protesting the new British policy. Two years after the war ended, the American colonists were protesting the new British policy.

24. What the American colonists learned during the war…. The British were not invincible! (They almost lost the French and Indian War.) The British were not invincible! (They almost lost the French and Indian War.) George Washington and others gained valuable experience by fighting alongside of the British. George Washington and others gained valuable experience by fighting alongside of the British.

25. Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763 Pontiac led a powerful coalition of Indian nations against the British in the Great Lakes. Pontiac led a powerful coalition of Indian nations against the British in the Great Lakes. Parliament decided it did not want any more expensive clashes between settlers and Indians. As a result, Parliament decided to keep the two groups separate. Parliament decided it did not want any more expensive clashes between settlers and Indians. As a result, Parliament decided to keep the two groups separate.

27. Pontiac

28. Proclamation Line of 1763 Parliament prohibited American settlers from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains. Parliament prohibited American settlers from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British wanted to: The British wanted to: Reduce the cost of protecting American settlers Reduce the cost of protecting American settlers Control the colonists Control the colonists Reap the profits from the fur trade and land specualtion Reap the profits from the fur trade and land specualtion

30. A Power Struggle In 1763, Parliament began passing laws that denied American colonists their traditional rights. In 1763, Parliament began passing laws that denied American colonists their traditional rights. What was Parliament? What was Parliament? That building in London with Big Ben. That building in London with Big Ben. The government of England-and all the colonies of the British Empire. The government of England-and all the colonies of the British Empire.

31. Military Occupation The British stationed 5,000 troops in the new western lands. The British stationed 5,000 troops in the new western lands. This was the beginning of the British occupation of America. This was the beginning of the British occupation of America.

32. Impact: The End of “Salutary Neglect” Parliament suddenly became quite involved in American affairs. Parliament suddenly became quite involved in American affairs.

33. Who’s Angry? Settlers on the frontier!!! Settlers on the frontier!!! American colonists ignored the law and moved onto the frontier. American colonists ignored the law and moved onto the frontier. This shocked Virginians like George Washington, who had fought for that territory. This shocked Virginians like George Washington, who had fought for that territory.