1. Value & Shading

2. Types of pencils
9H being the hardest lightest one and 9B the softest darkest one

3. The H pencils are the hardest and are good for fine details.
While the B pencils are the softest and are best for shading.
We shade not just by increasing pressure but also by going over the same area multiple times.
Using pencils
We will no longer be using Mechanical Pencils for drawing !

4. Holding your pencil This is for final detail work and text.
Loosen up!!!
This is for initial drawing and shading.
This is for final detail work and text.

5. Value : Form in Light

7. Light Logic 1: Perception of Edges 2: Perception of Spaces
3: Perception of Spatial Relationships & Proportions
4: Perception of Values
5: Perception of the Whole or Gestalt
Light Logic

8. Perception of Edges What is an Edge?
In drawing, an edge is a boundary that separates two areas.
We are all introduced to the concept of edges in drawing from an early age, when we draw lines to make simple shapes to represent people, houses etc.
Sharp edges: can be found in areas of high contrast, such as the sharp edge indicated above where the dark eyebrow meets the light skin . They are commonly found in: cast shadows caused by strong, direct light.
Soft edges: are found on gentle curved forms, such as the cheek, and areas of low contrast,. Soft edges are often seen when the light is not as direct.
Perception of Edges

9. Perception of Spaces Positive Negative
The reason we are taught to focus on negative spaces when drawing, is that these are usually abstract shapes, and it’s much easier to draw them accurately, because our brain has no language-based concept of how these shapes should look.
If someone gave you a picture of a person and asked you to copy, say, the shape of the right leg, you would probably find it harder, because you’d naturally refer to your preconceived knowledge of what a leg should look like, which would lead to an inaccurate drawing.
Positive Negative
By drawing the 11 abstract shapes (in grey on the right), we have also drawn the main structure of the bench
Perception of Spaces

10. Sketchbook Assignment 1:
-Draw this chair by using the negative shapes/spaces.
-Draw the space around the chair, not the positive of the chair itself.

11. Perception of Light & Shadow
It could be argued that the perception of light and shadow is the most important skill in drawing and painting.
Often, when you look at a drawing that doesn’t quite look convincing, the problem is an error in the lightness or darkness (the value) of certain areas.
Perception of Light & Shadow

12. Understanding Light Logic
Light Logic describes the way light falls onto objects and results in the following 4 aspects of light and shadow:
1: Highlight
2 : Crest Shadow
3: Reflected Light
4: Cast Shadow

13. The Highlight. The Highlight is the brightest light on the page or object. This is the area where light falls at it's most direct on the object.
The Crest Shadow. This is the shadow that falls on the curved portion of a rounded object. It covers the zone between the highlight and the reflected light. Rarely is it one shade of shadow like it looks here. It's usually darkest at the point farthest from both highlight and reflected light. It's also the key in conveying three dimensionality in an object.
Reflected Light. Look for this tricky and somewhat sneaky light on any surface. (It's actually light reflected from the environment and other surrounding objects.)
Cast Shadow. The object stands between the light and it's foundation (i.e. what the object rests on.) The cast shadow is usually the darkest shadow
Definition of Areas

14. Value Scale This Light Logic can be broken down into even more Values.
Value is a range from to the darkest shadow (Black) and the brightest highlight (White) as well as all the tones in between. To visually describe value we use a Value Scale.

15. Dark Values = Cast Shadow & Core of the Shadow
Middle Values= Transitional Light or Crest Shadow
Light Values= Highlights
Remember: If light is shining on a surface from the right, then shadows are formed to the left in areas where the light is blocked.

16. Shading:
is how you obtain value. Using your pencil or paint to gradually transition from one tone to another creates the form. This blending of one value into another is often called Feathering.

17. Perception of the Whole or Gestalt
The perception of the whole or gestalt (gestalt means ‘unified whole’), requires us to take a step back and look at every part of the picture at the same time.
* It is very important to constantly step back from the detailed work of defining edges, spaces and shadows, and focus on the whole picture, making sure that all the individual elements of the drawing work together to create a coherent and harmonious image.
Perception of the whole is really about learning to use the other four skills effectively while still keeping in mind the overall effect of the entire drawing.
Perception of the Whole or Gestalt

18. Atmospheric Perspective
Atmospheric Perspective is the art theory that the farther back in the composition the less intense color and value become.
Farther back less intense.
Closer more intense.
Atmospheric Perspective

19. Lightest/ Least Intense or Defined
Darkest/ Most Intense or Defined

20. Value Scale Sphere -First create a 10 Point Value Scale.
-Then use 8 of those values to shade the sphere.
Value Scale Sphere

21. Blended Value Scale

22. Shading Shapes into Forms

23. Mark making…….

24. Cross Hatching & other textures Other ways to create Value

25. Shading with Lines & Textures

26. Textures

29. Value scale, Texture, and Creating Form thru Value worksheets
What next?
Value scale, Texture, and Creating Form thru Value worksheets