1. SECTION I Responding to an Emergency HEALTH IV CPR, FIRST AID & AED

2. Stayin Alive

3. Recognizing and Responding Odors- Stronger than usual, unrecognizable, burning Sights- Spilled medicine, broken glass, electrical wires, smoke/fire Noises- Screams, yells, calls for help, breaking glass, crashing metal. Appearances/Behaviors- Trouble breathing, clutching chest or throat, confused, sweating, unconscious

4. Video Segment Deciding to Act

5. what would you do?

6. Why do people not get involved in an emergency? Presence of other people Uncertainty about the victim Type of injury or illness Fear of catching disease Fear of doing something wrong Fear of being sued Being unsure of when to call 9-1-1

7. What are Good Samaritan Laws? Legal protection for people who willingly provide emergency care Required to use common sense Use a reasonable level of skill Do not exceed scope of training Attempt to prevent further injury

8. Chain of Survival (How EMS System works in the community) Citizen Response Calling 9-1-1 or local emergency # First Responder care EMT Care Hospital Care

9. What must a person do while obtaining consent? You must get consent before caring for a conscious victim. State your name. Tell the victim you are trained in First Aid. Ask if you can help. Explain what you think might be wrong. Explain what you plan to do. If the victim refuses care, do not care for, and call 9-1-1. If the victim is unconscious, consent is implied.

10. Blood Borne Pathogens

11. How are diseases transmitted? Contact with body fluids Contact through the air Contact through contaminated water and food products Contact through animals and insects

12. Basic Precautions to Prevent Disease Transmission If a spill occurs; - Clean up immediately. - Use disposable gloves, if available. - Wipe up the spill with absorbent materials. - Flood the area with bleach and water for 20 minutes. - Dispose of contaminated materials appropriately.

13. Removing Gloves Partially remove first glove. Remove second glove. Finish removing both gloves. Discard gloves in an appropriate container. Wash hands immediately and thoroughly.

14. Three key steps to take in an emergency. Check the scene and the victim Call or have someone else call 9-1-1 Care for the victim’s life-threatening conditions.

15. Call First vs. Call Fast (when a responder is alone) Call First is used when time factor is critical. Call 9-1-1 before giving care. - Cardiac Emergencies - Sudden collapse of a child or infant. - An unconscious adult or child over 12. - An unconscious infant or child known to have high-risk heart problems.

16. Call First vs. Call Fast (cont.) (when a responder is alone) Call Fast requires the responder to provide 2 minutes of care, then call 9-1-1. Likely to be breathing emergencies. - Any unconscious victim less than 12 years old. - Any victim submerged or near drowning. - Any victim of cardiac arrest associated with trauma. - Any victim of drug overdose.

17. Move a victim only if… The scene becomes unsafe. You have to reach another victim who may have a more serious injury or illness. You need to move a victim to provide proper care. Refer to manual pages 23-25

18. What are some types of injuries and illnesses that would be considered potentially life threatening? Unconscious Not breathing or trouble breathing Choking Persistent chest pain No signs of life (normal breathing or movement) Severe bleeding Severe burns Shock Seizures (that recur, last more than 5 minutes, result from injury or involve someone pregnant, diabetic or a person who fails to regain consciousness after a seizure)

19. First Aid Challenge on page 23 In an emergency with more than one victim, you may need to prioritize care. Decide for each situation who needs care first.

20. Checking a Conscious Adult An “adult” is defined as someone who is about 12 years of age or older. After checking the scene, you should check the adult for life-threatening conditions. Obtain consent to give care. A head to toe examination should be done to check a conscious adult. Care for the person based on the conditions found. Take steps to minimize shock.

21. Checking a Conscious Victim Imagine you hear a call for help. You find a person lying at the bottom of a ladder. The person is trying to sit up.

22. What information should you gather? Is the scene safe? Is the victim conscious? Is the victim breathing? Does the victim show signs of circulation? Is the victim bleeding severely? Does the victim have a possible head, back or neck injury? Does the victim have any other injuries?

23. What information should you ask the victim? Can I help you? What is your name? Do you have any pain? Do you have any allergies? Are you taking any medication? Are you feeling any numbness or loss of sensation? When did you last eat or drink something?

24. Practice & Skill Test Checking a Conscious Adult

25. Shock

26. What is shock? Shock is a life-threatening condition in which not enough blood is being delivered o all parts of the body and can result from injury or illness. This triggers a series of responses that produce specific signals known as shock.

27. What types of injuries cause shock? Severe Bleeding Serious Internal Injury Significant Fluid Loss Cardiac Emergencies Strokes Seizures Diabetic Reactions Poisoning and Allergic Reactions Bites and Stings Emotional Trauma

28. The signals of shock are… Restlessness or Irritability Altered Consciousness Nausea Pale or ashen, cool, moist skin Rapid Breathing Rapid Pulse Excessive Thirst

29. Caring for Shock Call 9-1-1 immediately. Have the person lie down. Control any external bleeding. Elevate legs 12 inches unless you suspect head, neck or back injuries or injuries to the legs and/or hips. Maintain normal body temperature. Do not give the person anything to eat or drink. Reassure the person. Continue to monitor ABC’s.

30. Checking an Unconscious Victim ABC’s - Open the Airway using a head- tilt/chin-lift - Check for Breathing or movement - Check for Circulation or signs of life

31. Video Segments Checking an Unconscious Adult & Rescue Breaths

32. Checking an unconscious adult and child

33. Unconscious Victim Check the victim; tap the shoulder and shout, “Are you OK?” If no response, Call 9-1-1. If face down, roll victim over. Open airway with a head/tilt, chin-lift. Look, Listen & Feel for 10 seconds. If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths. If the person is breathing, place in a recovery position and monitor ABC’s. If the person is not breathing, quickly scan the body for severe bleeding and get into position to start CPR.

34. If victim shows signs of life… Place the victim in the recovery position or the H.A.I.N.E.S position. Refer to page 46

35. Recovery Position vs. H.A.IN.E.S Position: a person may be unconscious but breathing normally and showing signs of life place in recovery position. a person may vomit, roll them to one side and clear the mouth. If you are alone, and have to leave the person for any reason, place in recovery position. Place a person with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury, place them in the High Arm In Endangered Spine position.

36. Practice & Skill Test Checking an Unconscious Adult & Rescue Breaths