1. Intro to WWII What was the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact?
Name one “pro” and one “con” about the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
Signed by 15 nations: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, the Irish Free State, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, South Africa, and the United States
U.S. President Coolidge signing the Kellogg-Briand Pact (AKA Pact of Paris) in 

2. What do you remember about WWII?
1920
1930
1940
Discuss with your groups.
Each group sends one person to add one idea to the board.
If you don’t remember the date, or your idea is not tied to a specific date, add it above or below the timeline.
No repeats.

3. Worldwide Events Leading up to WWII
As Germany, Italy, and Japan conquered other countries, the rest of the world did nothing to stop them (appeasement)

4. Aggressors Invade Nations
Germany& Italy are set on conquering territory in weak nations
Britain, France, U.S. were distracted by econ. problems at home and want peace.
U.S. does not want political ties with other nations
Hope for peace is pinned on weak League of Nations.

5. Military Gains Control of Japan
Japan govt more democratic
Parliament had many weaknesses
Constitution limited powers of prime minister and cabinet
Civilian leaders had little control over armed forces
Military leaders reported only to emperor
1928
Japan signs Kellogg-Briand Pact
1929
Great Depression
blame govt.
Military Leaders, promise a solution
Win control of the country

6. Militarist vs. Fascist Japanese leaders ARE NOT Fascist
Japanese Militarists
Japanese leaders ARE NOT Fascist
Goal is to restore traditional government, not new one
Emperor (Hirohito) = symbol of state power
Japan’s militarists ARE extreme nationalists
Want to solve economic problems via foreign expansion

7. Japan Seeks an Empire Pacific Empire would:
Provide needed raw materials
Room/food for rising population
Create market for goods

8. Manchuria
Japanese business had invested a lot of $ in China’s northeast province, Manchuria
Rich in coal & iron
1931
Japanese army captures Manchuria (despite objections from parliament)
Army sets up “puppet government”
First direct challenge to the League of Nations
L of N = all major democracies are members except U.S.
League objects
Japan leaves league
1931: Japanese Aggression in Manchuria 1:51

9. Japan Invades China 1937 Japan continues into: China
China has larger army
Japan better equipped and trained
Japan easily defeat Chinese army
Rape of Nanjing
Japan soldiers commit rape, arson, looting, murder
Beijing, northern cities, and capital Nanjing fall to Japanese
Jiang Jieshi (leader of China’s army) retreats westward
Chinese guerilla fighters, led by Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong, continue to fight

10. Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia
Meanwhile in Italy…
Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia
Failure of League to stop Japan (invasion of Manchuria) encourages Italy
Mussolini wants an Italian empire in Africa
1935 Italy invades Ethiopia (one of Africa’s 3 independent nations)
Haille Selassie (Ethiopian Emperor) pleas to League for help
The League condemns attack, but does nothing
Mussolini
Emperor Selassie

11. Meanwhile in Germany… 1934 = German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact
not popular with Germans who resented that Poland had received various former German provinces under the Treaty of Versailles
10 yr pact
Hitler sought to eliminate threat of French-Polish military alliance against Germany before Germany had a chance to rearm

12. 1935 1936 Hitler vows to rebuild German Army Violation of Versailles
German troops take Rhineland
Buffer zone between France & Germany
Rich in resources
War Erupts in Eastern Europe 4:57

13. 1936 – Rome-Berlin Axis = agreement between Mussolini and Hitler
One month later… Anti-Comintern Pact = Japan and Germany sign against the Soviet Union 
Eventually… 1940 – Tripartite Pact = Germany, Italy, and Japan = Axis Powers
Looking at the world map, why would each pair of countries ally together? Why would the 3?

14. Hitler continues to expand…Austria
March 1938, Hitler moves troops into Austria and annexes it
Birthplace; Mein Kampf
Breaks Versailles Treaty
specifically prevented a union between Austria and Germany
Many Austrians support union with Germany
Britain & France verbally protest… APPEASEMENT
1867
Dual-Monarchy of Austria-Hungary established
1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austrian throne, assassinated . WWI begins. Austria joins Germany in fighting Allies.
1918
World War I ends. Austria & Hungary become separate republics.
1938
German troops under Hitler annex Austria

15. Czech Says no Next Hitler demands Czechoslovakia give up Sudatenland
contains German speaking people
Borders Austria and Germany
Czech
Says no

16. Germany, Italy, France, Germany… who’s missing?
Munich Conference 9/29/1938 :
Germany, Italy, France, Germany… who’s missing?
Britain & France agree to let Hitler have Sudetenland if he doesn’t expand any more
Hitler promises to respect new borders
within a couple months takes the entire country of Czechoslovakia
France & Britain know Poland could be next on Hitler’s agenda; pledge to protect it

17. 1939 Hitler demands Poland return former German port of Danzig.
Poland refuses. Hitler thinks Britain and France would give in again. Why?

18. Hitler & Stalin Make a Deal
August 23, 1939 – Soviet Union and Germany sign a non-aggression pact
Promise to never attack each other
Partition Poland
Germany has no threat of attack from east

24. Sept. 1, 1939 - Germany invades Poland
Sept. 3 – Britain & France declare war on Germany
Sept. 17 – Soviet Union invades Poland
One year later the Tripartite Pact will be signed… a threat to neutral U.S. to think twice before joining Britain and France

26. REVIEW
PREVIEW
WWII Begins