1. MONDAY 3-14-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: WHAT IS RNA AND WHY WE NEED IT ENTRY TASK: START A NEW PAGE! TURN IN ENTRY TASKS FROM PREVIOUS TWO UNITS COPY THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER FOR CHAPTER 13 – INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS

2. PLAN OF THE DAY NOTES ON RNA AND WHY IT IS NEEDED READING

3. RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter 13

4. Similarities and differences between DNA and RNA

5. NOTES ON NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleic Acid: A large molecule like DNA and RNA made up of smaller molecules called nucleotides. Nucleic Acid: A large molecule like DNA and RNA made up of smaller molecules called nucleotides. Nucleotides: Small molecules made up of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and phosphate Nucleotides: Small molecules made up of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and phosphate Nucleic acids are what our DNA or genetic material and RNA are made of Nucleic acids are what our DNA or genetic material and RNA are made of With out nucleic acids our body would not have directions and could not function. With out nucleic acids our body would not have directions and could not function.

6. NUCLEOTIDE (building block of nucleic acids)

7. Similarities and differences between DNA and RNA (pages 362-363)

9. Why do we need RNA?  DNA cannot leave the nucleus  DNA gets transcribed into Messenger RNA (mRNA)  Once edited, mRNA can leave the nucleus as a single strand http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/rnai.html

10. Conection between DNA and Protein  DNA defines the genotype (genetic makeup)  Proteins determine the phenotype (specific trait)  Each gene codes for one protein (polypeptide)

11. TUESDAY 3-15-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: HOW SCIENTISTS DISCOVERED THAT GENES CODE FOR PROTEINS UNDERSTANDING FIRST STAGE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS - TRANSCRIPTION ENTRY TASK:

12. PLAN OF THE DAY CHECK YOUR TEST SCORE FOR CHAPTER 11 VIDEO – HOW THE LINK WAS MADE BETWEEN GENES AND PROTEINS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, OVERVIEW TRANSCRIPTION NOTES AND PRACTICE

13. DNA to Protein Connection  Geneticists Beadle and Tatum studied mutant strain of orange mold  This strain was missing a necessary enzyme for mold to grow  Each mutant strain was defective in a single gene  One gene-on enzyme hypothesis  More accurate – One gene one polypeptide http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIrrtM47Wio 9:33-12:00

14. Life is orchestrated by Proteins Proteins  Combinations of 20 different amino acids linked in long chains  Function is determined by amino acid sequence  Amino acid sequence is determined by DNA sequence  Used for enzymes, hair, muscles, cell parts

15. Amino Acids Linked  Amino Acids Link Together to Form a Protein (Polypeptide)

16. Protein Synthesis THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY  DNA → RNA → Protein (polypeptide)  This happens in two main steps:  Transcription  RNA synthesis  RNA editing  Translation

17. Transcription Transcription occurs inside the nucleus of the cells! The main transcription players are:  DNA  Messenger RNA (mRNA)  RNA polymerase

18. TUESDAY 3-16-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: UNDERSTANDING FIRST STAGE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS – TRANSCRIPTION MAIN PLAYERS IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION ENTRY TASK: WHERE DOES TRANSCRIPTION HAPPEN? WHICH ARE THE THREE MAIN PLAYERS IN THE TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS?

19. PLAN OF THE DAY REWORD QUESTION 3 FOR CHAPTER 11 FINISH TRANSCRIPTION NOTES AND PRACTICE MAIN PLAYER IN TRANSLATION

20. Transcription 1

21. Transcription 2 mRNA editing

22. Lets practice transcription  Transcribe this sequence of DNA to mRNA: DNA: A T C G C C C G A A T T G C A A DNA: A T C G C C C G A A T T G C A A mRNA:

23. WEDNESDAY 3-17-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: UNDERSTANDING FIRST STAGE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS – TRANSCRIPTION MAIN PLAYERS IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION ENTRY TASK: (SUB TODAY)

24. PLAN OF THE DAY 13.1 AND 13.2 HANDOUTS 13.1 DUE TOMORROW 13.2 DUE MONDAY, MARCH 21

25. FRIDAY 3-18-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION ENTRY TASK: WHERE DOES TRANSLATION HAPPEN? WHICH ARE THE MAIN PLAYERS IN TRANSLATION?

26. PLAN OF THE DAY TRANSLATION NOTES TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION MOVIES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS POGIL CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY QUIZ

27. PLEASE HAVE NOTES FOR 13.1 AND 13.1 REVIEW QUESTIONS READY FOR ME TO CHECK.

28. Translation players  mRNA  Transfer RNA  Ribosome  Ribosomal RNA

29. Translation

31. Transcription-translation animations  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fiJupfb Spg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fiJupfb Spg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fiJupfb Spg  http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna- transcription-advanced-detail http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna- transcription-advanced-detail http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna- transcription-advanced-detail  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxLdBN AxqKg&src_vid=T1DV- tDaKEo&feature=iv&annotation_id=annotat ion_561613 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxLdBN AxqKg&src_vid=T1DV- tDaKEo&feature=iv&annotation_id=annotat ion_561613 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxLdBN AxqKg&src_vid=T1DV- tDaKEo&feature=iv&annotation_id=annotat ion_561613  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1DV- tDaKEo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1DV- tDaKEo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1DV- tDaKEo

32. Information is sent from the Nucleus to ribosome where protein is made

33. Outline of Protein Synthesis  Directions on DNA  DNA opens up and messenger RNA (mRNA) copies message  mRNA is edited – some parts taken out (introns)  mRNA goes out of nucleus to ribosome  mRNA attaches to ribosome  Transfer RNA (tRNA) picks up an amino acid  tRNA attaches to mRNA matching complementary base pairs at opposite end from amino acid  Amino acid is attached to other amino acids held by the ribosome to make a chain of protein  When protein completely built, it separates from ribosome

34. MONDAY 3-21-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: UNDERSTANDING HOW THE CODONS CODE FOR AMINO ACIDS DURING TRANSLATION ENTRY TASK: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A CODON AND ANTICODON?

35. PLAN OF THE DAY TRANSLATION OF THE mRNA INTO AMINO ACIDS FINISH TRANSCRIPTION NOTES AND PRACTICE QUIZ PRACTICE TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION WITH DIAGRAM AND DRY ERASE MARKERS

36. HOMEWORK DUE TOMORROW READ AND NOTES OF SECTION 13.3 MUTATIONS (PAGES 372-376)

37. 1.A sequence of nucleotides In DNA (a gene) is transcribed to RNA in the nucleus 2. The RNA travels to the cytoplasm where it is translated into the specific amino acid sequece of a polypeptid

39. A codon is a three-base "word" that codes for one amino acid. Several codons form a "sentence" that translates into a polypeptide.

40. FIND THE AMINO ACID THIS CODON CODES FOR CAC

41. Practice translating codons into amino acids DNA (3 letter) ATGATACAACACATCCAGTAG mRNA codon tRNA anticodon Amino acid

42. From DNA to Protein

44. TUESDAY 3-22-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: UNDERSTANDING THE WHOLE PROCESS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ENTRY TASK: HOW MANY NUCLEOTIDES ARE NEEDED TO SPECIFY FIVE AMINO ACIDS? (TO HELP YOU ANSWER THIS QUESTION, DRAW A SEQUENCE OF AMINO ACIDS)

45. PLAN OF THE DAY QUIZ MAKING SENTENCES OF DNA ACTIVITY 13.3 HANDOUT

46. Practice translating codons into amino acids DNA (3 letter) ATGATACAACACATCCAGTAG mRNA codon tRNA anticodon Amino acid

47. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND WORDS ACTIVITY 1.One person in your group will go to the nucleus (front desk) and select a card 2.Write the template # on your paper and the DNA template sequence (three bases/letters per box) 3.WITHOUT LEAVING THE ‘NUCLEUS’ transcribe the DNA message into mRNA (complementary bases, remember about uracil!!) 4.Now you can go ‘outside the nucleus’ and go back to your desk where the tRNA will write the anticodon sequence from the mRNA codons 5.Once you have this last sequence, you can go around the room to hunt for the anticodons to decipher your message 6.Bring your message to me when done to check if correct. If correct, you can get another card to decipher. If not, correct your error to get the right message

48. WEDNESDAY 3-23-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: EXPLAIN WHAT MUTATIONS ARE AND THE DIFFERENT TYPES ENTRY TASK: WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF MUTATIONS LISTED IN YOUR BOOK? (SECTION 13.3)

49. PLAN OF THE DAY DISCUSS MISTAKES IN THE SENTENCES AS THEY RELATE TO MUTATIONS MUTATIONS AND TYPES (UNTAMED SCIENCE VIDEO) 13.3 HANDOUT

50. HOMEWORK DUE MONDAY READ AND NOTES OF SECTION 13.3 MUTATIONS (PAGES 372-376) 13.3 REVIEW HANDOUT

51. What are Gene Mutations  Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA  Two types of point mutations (involving only one or a few nucleotides)  Base substitutions  Base deletions or insertions

52. Types of mutations  CCC to CCA  CCC to ACC  http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072552980/stu dent_view0/chapter9/animation_quiz_5.html http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072552980/stu dent_view0/chapter9/animation_quiz_5.html http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072552980/stu dent_view0/chapter9/animation_quiz_5.html

53. What causes mutations? What are the effects of mutations?  With your group, explain these two questions  You will be presenting to the class your explanations

54. THURSDAY 3-24-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: UNDERSTAND HOW CERTAIN MUTATIONS CAN HAVE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SEVERITY ENTRY TASK: TRANSCRIBE THIS DNA SEQUENCE TO THE CORRESPONDING CODON IN MESSENGER RNA AND THEN TRANSLATE TO THE CORRECT AMINO ACID CTA

55. HOMEWORK DUE MONDAY READ AND NOTES OF SECTION 13.3 MUTATIONS (PAGES 372-376) 13.3 REVIEW HANDOUT

56. PLAN OF THE DAY MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY ACTIVITY EXPLORING OTHER GENETIC DISORDERS

57. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=frameshiftmutation

58. GENETIC DISORDERS CHOSE A GENETIC DISORDER (YOU WILL WORK ON YOUR OWN) SEARCH ON THE COMPUTER FOR YOUR SPECIFIC GENETIC DISORDER (CHECK LIST) IN YOUR NOTEBOOK: EXPLAIN WHAT TYPE OF MUTATION IS THE CAUSE FOR THE DISORDER WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS? CAN IT BE CURED OR PREVENTED? APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE FROM PRIOR GENETICS CHAPTERS AND EXPLAIN HOW THE DISORDER YOU CHOSE IS INHERITED (MENDELIAN, INCOMPLETE INHERITANCE, ETC.)

59. MONDAY 3-28-16 LEARNING OBJECTIVE: HOW SOME MUTATIONS CAN RESULT ON GENETIC DISORDERS ENTRY TASK: WHAT ARE THE MUTATIONS THAT CAN BE THE MOST DAMAGING AND EXPLAIN WHY? (CHECK YOUR NOTES AND HANDOUT 13.3)

60. PLAN OF THE DAY PRESENTING OTHER GENETIC DISORDERS START REVIEWING FOR TEST

61. MUTATIONS WEBPAGES HTTP://GENETICS.THETECH.ORG/ABOUT-GENETICS/MUTATIONS- AND-DISEASE HTTP://GENETICS.THETECH.ORG/ABOUT-GENETICS/MUTATIONS- AND-DISEASE HTTP://LEARN.GENETICS.UTAH.EDU/CONTENT/DISORDERS/ HTTPS://WWW.GENOME.GOV/10001204