1. Core IPM Concepts Pennsylvania Integrated Pest Management Program (215) 471-2200 x109 Email: pscip@psu.edu Website: www.pscip.org

2.  How pests cause asthma and other problems  Health risks of pesticides  How to control pests safely 9/2011 www.paipm.org2

3. “Any destructive or troublesome organism”  Affect public health  Destroy food or property  Create a nuisance Something we don’t like, where we don’t want it! 9/2011 www.paipm.org3

4.  Asthma: rate has doubled in 20 years: 10%+ ◦ Main cause of lost school days  Pests are main triggers of asthma in urban areas: ◦ Dust mites – allergen in feces (Der p 1) ◦ Cockroaches – allergens in feces (Bla g 1 & 2) ◦ Mice – allergen in urine (MUP)  Spread infectious diseases  Health effects greater on children 9/2011 www.paipm.org4

5. 9/2011 www.paipm.org5

6. 9/2011 www.paipm.org6

7. Pests often cause allergies and can trigger other “Atopic” (environmental) responses Immunoglobulin E (IgE) producing conditions in the home Asthma Chronic rhinitis Atopic Dermatitis Food allergies Other allergies Conditions interact and trigger; commonly coexist Environmental conditions more important than genetics Hygiene hypothesis 9/2011 www.paipm.org7

8.  Pest triangle: ◦ Food ◦ Water ◦ Harborage  Someplace to hide & nest  Ideally warm 9/2011 www.paipm.org8 WaterFood Conducive Conditions for Pests Nest

9.  Prevention ◦ Identification ◦ Exclusion & Denial  Sanitation ◦ Water  Physical controls  Chemical controls  Ongoing monitoring 9/2011 www.paipm.org9

10.  Best practice!  Multiple tactics  Effective control  Least risk to the environment  Least exposure of non- target organisms  Economic sustainability 9/2011 www.paipm.org10

11.  Pest pressure can drive people to unsafe use of pesticides ◦ Too much: acute effects – poisoning, esp. children! ◦ Too many: chronic effects – long term: residues ◦ Wrong kind – unsafe & Illegal pesticides – Tres pasitos; Chinese chalk 9/2011 www.paipm.org11

12.  Wrong kind: efficacy – may not be effective! ◦ Wrong pest ◦ Wrong treatment! ◦ Resistance  Less pesticides = less exposure!  Less use = slower development of resistance! 9/2011 www.paipm.org12

13. 9/2011 www.paipm.org13 The IPM Pyramid Biological controls Pesticides Physical / Mechanical controls Design / Sanitation Practices

14. 9/2011 www.paipm.org14

15. ActivitiesConventionalIPM Program StrategyReactive pest control Preventive pest control Resident EducationMinimalExtensive Spraying & FoggingExtensiveRare Rodent/bird controlPoisonsExclusion/ Trapping 9/2011www.paipm.org15

16. 9/2011 www.paipm.org16 Population Time Change the environment Don’t just kill critters! Change “conditions conducive “ to pests Reduce the carrying capacity of their environment

17.  Thorough inspection ◦ Exterior ◦ Interior ◦ Focus Areas  Identification of pests found ◦ Experienced field personnel ◦ Field guides ◦ Urban entomologist 9/2011 www.paipm.org17

18. 9/2011 www.paipm.org18 Window sill Power cord on desk Mouse droppings

19.  Stoppage – keep ‘em out  Inspection  Holes filled  Stuff-It  Silicone Caulk  Spackle, etc 9/2011 www.paipm.org19

20.  Understand pests  What needs to be controlled, how, when  Safe control – vs. unsafe practices  Educating residents  Choosing PCO’s  Training PCO’s 9/2011 www.paipm.org20

21.  Clean up: ◦ Food ◦ Water ◦ Harborage  Dishes in sink  Pet food  Trash cans 9/2011 www.paipm.org21 Photo: City of Houston Bureau of Children’s and Environmental Health

22.  Essential for insects & rats ◦ Not for mice or bedbugs  Mosquitoes ◦ Standing water  Structural damage ◦ Gutters & roofs ◦ Leaks from outside ◦ Plumbing & interior leaks 9/2011 www.paipm.org22 Photo: City of Houston Bureau of Children’s and Environmental Health

23.  Identify & assess problem  Same strategy – food, water, harborage  Different tactics – specific to pest ◦ Traps ◦ Baits (low exposure) ◦ Dusts ◦ Biorational chemicals: IGR’s 9/2011 www.paipm.org23 Photo: City of Houston Bureau of Children’s and Environmental Health

24. Know your critters

25.  Identification & biology – 4 species ◦ American ◦ Oriental ◦ German ◦ Brown-banded  Life cycle: eggs & nymphs  Key harborage sites  Diseases ◦ Asthma ◦ Salmonella, etc. 9/2011 www.paipm.org25

26.  Habitat modification!  Monitors  Dust & Caulk ◦ Boric acid ◦ DE  Baits & Gels  IGR’s – Insect Growth Regulators  Sticky traps 9/2011 www.paipm.org26

27.  Rodents are mammals – like us!  Think like a rodent!  Not all rodents are the same ◦ Mice – curious & persistent ◦ Rats – cautious & smart ◦ Squirrels - outdoors 9/2011 www.paipm.org27

28.  Identify mice & rats properly  Know your enemy!  Habitat modification  Traps  Baits  Rodenticides  Non-target species  Burrows 9/2011 www.paipm.org28

29. 9/2011 www.paipm.org29 Young Rat House Mouse FEETHEAD large small 1/4" 3/4" House Mouse Also: White Footed, Deer Norway Rat Brown rat, Wharf, Sewer, etc Roof Rat Black rat Also: Cane rat, etc. Squirrel Groundhogs, etc

30. 9/2011 www.paipm.org 30 JanuaryDecember One pregnant mouse MaySeptember Stopping one mouse does a lot! 650 4,500 40 1

31.  Life cycle  Habitat/ pet bedding ◦ Light traps  Clean – carpets ◦ Vacuum ◦ Steam  Chemical controls ◦ IGR’s & Adulticides ◦ Frontline, etc.  Different chemicals; different effects 9/2011 www.paipm.org31

32.  Contact sprays  Foggers  Mothballs  Ultrasonic's  Dryer sheets, etc. 9/2011 www.paipm.org32

33.  Essential oils & cleaners  Carbon dioxide traps  Kerosene  What have you seen? 9/2011 www.paipm.org33

34.  Public health threat – malaria, dengue ◦ Arial & truck sprays  Standing water ◦ Larvicide ◦ Bt i & Dunks ◦ IGR’s ◦ Fish  Don’t use light or CO 2 traps 9/2011 www.paipm.org34 Asian Tiger Mosquito Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus CDC - Susan Ellis

35.  Flying disease carriers ◦ Over 6 million germs on each fly  Sanitation & garbage control! ◦ House flies – eat garbage & waste ◦ Fruit flies – eat sugar ◦ Blow flies – eat dead things ◦ Drain flies – eat grease  Properly placed light traps ◦ Clean! ◦ Change bulbs 9/2011 www.paipm.org35

36.  NOT usually a public health threat  Seasonal  No spray needed or useful  Sanitation & exclusion  Clean up trails 9/2011 www.paipm.org36

37.  Ticks are big public health threat  Largest cause of insect-borne disease in the US ◦ Lyme Disease ◦ Babesiosis ◦ Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever ◦ Other! 9/2011 www.paipm.org37

38.  Many-legs  Predators!  Sticky traps  Vacuums  Stink bugs, box elder, etc 9/2011 www.paipm.org38

39.  Fire ants  Scorpions  Snakes ◦ Black snakes ◦ Rattlesnakes  Wildlife  Protections 9/2011 www.paipm.org39 Photos: Texas A&M University

40.  Bed bugs can be avoided and eliminated!  Every skin irritation or bite does is not bed bugs!  You can see them.  They do not cause or spread diseases.  Simple heat and/or steam can kill them.  Protocols and communication key to control 9/2011 www.paipm.org40

41.  Identify properly – don’t assume! ◦ Bat bugs & swallow bugs ◦ Cockroachs, ticks & lice, oh my!  Life cycle ◦ Nymph to adult – must feed ◦ Poppy to apple-seed size ◦ 6-12 eggs laid @ 2-3 days ◦ Eggs resistant 9/2011 www.paipm.org41 Photo: John Obermeyer, Rutgers University

42.  Sex  Over the counter chemicals  Travel & transfer  Used furniture & mattresses  Even by agency staff or PCO’s! 9/2011 www.paipm.org42

43.  Only take necessary items into the home. If you have a handbag, set/hang it on your chair. Sit on folding, kitchen, or other hard (un-upholstered) chairs.  Avoid sitting on couches, beds, stuffed chairs  If possible, bring your own folding stool  Wear light colored clothing, shoes and socks that can be thrown in the dryer  Take along an extra set of clothes and ziplock bag in case you suspect infestation of clothes 9/2011 www.paipm.org43

44.  Exclusion ◦ Clutter elimination - bins  Preparation ◦ Wash bedding ◦ Seal mattress – encasements  NO pesticide on mattresses!  Traps – Climb-up ◦ Make the bed an island! ◦ Monitor ◦ Prevention 9/2011 www.paipm.org44

45. Inspection ◦ Crack & crevice: ◦ Treatment  Vacuum  Heat or cold  Pesticides by PCO only ◦ Dusts ◦ Crack & crevice treatment  Re-inspection & retreatment  Encasements & interceptors 9/2011 www.paipm.org45

46.  Enclosed, tamper-proof roach baits  Baits are attractive when there are no competing food sources  Gels applied in small dabs in cracks  Some dusts (boric acid)  Glueboards and Snap Traps  Remember that cleaning products often contain toxins & are pesticides which carry signal words!  Choose (or make) “green” cleaners. 9/2011 www.paipm.org46

47.  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) administered by Environmental Protection Agency  Pesticide – Broad term includes anything that kills or repels: ◦ Insects ◦ Plants ◦ Rodents ◦ Fungus ◦ Mold ◦ Microbes 9/2011 www.paipm.org47

48.  Many states require pesticide applicators to be licensed if: ◦ Using Restricted Use Pesticides ◦ Charging a fee ◦ Applying onto another person’s property ◦ Public places  Licensing ◦ Testing – General and Specific Situations ◦ Insurance  Supervision of Unlicensed People ◦ Direct ◦ Indirect 9/2011 www.paipm.org48

49.  Manufacturer must apply for each formulation  EPA approval required before sale or distribution  EPA ensures that if label followed, reasonable certainty of no harm to human health and does not pose unreasonable risks to the environment.  EPA registration number is key  “Restricted Use” Pesticides are most hazardous. 9/2011 www.paipm.org49

50.  Product Name  Ingredients ◦ Active ◦ Inert / Other  “Keep Out of Reach of Children”  Signal Work - Poison / Danger / Warning / Caution  First Aid  If Poison, then skull and crossbones  Net contents. 9/2011 www.paipm.org50 EPA Registration Number is Key

51. 9/2011 www.paipm.org51

52.  Pesticides that look like candy  Insecticide chalk (aka Miraculous or Chinese chalk)  “Tres Pasitos” 9/2011 www.paipm.org52 candy!

53. 9/2011 www.paipm.org53

54.  Get rid of food, water & shelter!  Sanitation  Exclusion & Denial  Physical control – traps  Least-toxic – dusts & IGR  Least exposure – baits & gels, Bt, etc  Avoid sprays, esp. foggers! 9/2011 www.paipm.org54 WaterFood Conducive Conditions for Pests Nest

55. Dion Lerman, HHS Penn State University 215-264-0582 dll33@psu.edu http://www.paipm.org