1. Task / Homework due this lesson: 1) Complete worksheet from last lesson 2) Answer the question below using an essay format: Explain how the Nazis affected the lives of young people in Nazi Germany? Resources (NOTE – Separate pages now!) 1) Orange Nazi Germany book pages 10-11 2) WJEC page 151-152 3) White textbook pages 130-133

2. The role of Women in Nazi Germany

3. What had life been like for women in the Weimar Republic? Consider: Politically, socially and culturally.

4. Women in Weimar Germany In Weimar Germany women had been freed from many of the restrictions of the pre war years. By 1933 there were 100,000 women teachers, 13,000 women musicians and 3,000 women doctors. 10% of Reichstag members were women. Families were getting smaller due to developments in Contraception and Women wanting paid work. Women were also enjoying the Cultural changes (compare to USA)

5. Task You are to get into groups of 4. You will be given an evidence pack (slides 6-17) Written notes on the following: a) What was their aim for girls and women? b) What do you learn about the life of women under the Nazis? c) How do you think women and girls would react to this?

6. A German rhyme addressed to women: “Take hold of kettle, broom and pan, Then you’ll surely get a man! Shop and office leave alone, Your true life work lies at home.” The Nazis need mothers…

7. …but not just any kind of mothers An advertisement in a German newspaper, 1935. 52 year-old pure Aryan doctor, fought in First World War, wishes to settle down. Wants male children through marriage with young, healthy virgin of pure Aryan stock, undemanding, suited to heavy work and thrifty, with flat heels, without earrings, if possible without money.”

8. …but we also need women workers Joseph Goebbels, writing in 1929. "The mission of women is to be beautiful and to bring children into the world. This is not at all as.........unmodern as it sounds. The female bird pretties herself for her mate and hatches eggs for him. In exchange, the male takes care of gathering food, and stands guard and wards off the enemy."

9. So what was life like for women in Nazi Germany? A description by an Australian visitor to Germany of a camp where young women were doing their ‘duty year’. They got free bed and lodging but no pay. ‘The girls live in houses, not barracks, and spend most of the day working for farmers’ wives, learning to milk cows and make cheese and the like. Their routine is a rigorous one. Rising at 5.30, they have exercises and singing until 7o’clock. After breakfast they have to work from half past 7 until 3o’clock, either in the settlement or on a neighbouring farm with half and hour for lunch. They have an hour’s compulsory rest and classes until half-past 6. The evening is always devoted to singing or lectures, and they have to go to bed at half-past 9.’

10. So what was life like for women in Nazi Germany? Wilhelmine Haferkamp was 22 in 1933. She lived in the industrial city of Oberhausen. Her husband worked in a quarry. ‘When one had ten children, well not ten, but a pile of them, one had to join the Nazi Party; 1933 it was and I already had three children and the fourth on the way. When ‘child-rich’ people were in the Party the children had a great chance to advance. I got 30 marks per child from the Hitler government and 20 marks per child from the city. That was a lot of money. I sometimes got more ‘child money’ than my husband earned.’

11. Phrase often used by the Nazis to describe their vision of what life for women should be like… Kinder - children Kirche - church Kuche - kitchen

13. Leisure Leisure

14. Gertrude de Scholtz-Klink: the Nazis ideal woman She has classic Aryan looks: blonde hair and blue eyes; she had four children, was devoted to her family and accepted without question the leadership of the party. In 1934 she was made Head of the Women’s Bureau but she never had any real political power: The Nazi Party was run by men who believed politics was not part of a woman’s world.

15. G. Zienef, Education for Death (1942) I spent an hour with the head teacher of the girls school, a very friendly, neat lady of fifty. She explained that every class in school was built around a course called Frauenschaffen, activities of women. This general subject was divided into: Handarbeit (handwork), Hauswirtschaft (domestic science,cooking, house and garden work), and most important, the Pflege course (eugenics, and hygiene, devoted to a study of the reproductive organs, both male and female, conception, birth, racial purity, infant care, family welfare). She told me that the Fuehrer wanted the girls to feel that their bodies were more important for the State than their minds. He wanted girls to be proud of their bodies. He wanted them to get interested in the bodies of their sweethearts. If a girl had a healthy body, fit for childbirth, she should be proud to display it to advantage. How does this compare to your education?

16. The Nazis wanted women to be mothers – how effective were they? Propaganda campaigns promoted motherhood and large families. The Law for the Encouragement of Marriage gave newly wed couples a loan of 1,000 marks, and allowed them to keep 250 marks for each child they had. – 800,000 took these up. To increase their fertility women were told to stop smoking, stop slimming and do lots of sport. Homecraft and mothercraft classes were offered to young women. Unmarried women could volunteer to have a baby for an Aryan member of the SS. In 1936 there were 30% more births than there had been in 1933. Do you think they were effective?

17. But not every woman was to be a mother… The Nazis had rules in order to protect the purity of the race. No one was allowed to marry a Jew. Anyone who had an inherited illness such as blindness or epilepsy had to be sterilised.

18. Describe how the lives of women were affected by Nazi rule. This type of question looks at ‘ordinary lives’ Exam question

19. Exam question- paired work Explain why the life of German women changed between 1933-1939 In your answer you should use the information in the sources and your own knowledge to show the extent of change and the reasons for it. Source A In the Weimar period women were also encouraged to enter into professional careers. Many women became teachers, doctors, lawyers, judges and civil servants. By 1933 there were 100,000 women teachers and 3,000 women doctors. Again, this was a very progressive move, as in many European countries women mainly occupied less well paid jobs such as cleaners, cooks and office secretaries. ( School textbook 2015) Source B- A Nazi Poster

20. Wider reading / Homework due next lesson Please extend your notes by using the following textbook resources. Consider whether women would have welcomed the Nazi attitudes towards them. WJEC book – page 150 Orange Nazi Germany book – page 12 White SHP book – pages 136-139

21. VLE: Teacher Notes – Women in Nazi Germany On VLE - Mr. Walker’s Germany 1919-1991 Folder -Unit 2 – Nazi Germany 1933-1945 -Lesson 15 – Women in Nazi Germany Download and save “Teacher Notes – Women in Nazi Germany.” –Excellent revision tool for this topic.

22. Nazi policies towards women 7:24 - begin at 2:30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hC05Sb nDRSchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hC05Sb nDRSc Consider whether women would have welcomed the Nazi attitudes towards them.

23. Homework due over term break Complete your TIG Sheets up to this point! Themes in Germany (Political / Ordinary Lives / International): –Impact of Treaty of Versailles –Other problems Germany faced 1918-1922 –3 Crises of 1923 –Why was it a Golden Age of Weimar 1923-29 –Impact of the Depression 1929-33 –Why did more people start to vote for the Nazis after 1929? –How did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933? –How had he become Fuhrer in 1934? –Impact of Nazi rule up to 1939 (propaganda / terror / economics / education covered so far!)