1. Middle Ages Chapter 14

2. Consider:the relationship between lords and peasantsthe relationship between kings and lordsthe self-sufficiency of a manor village

3. Consider: the church’s role in education the church’s power of taxation the struggles between popes and kings

4.  Two groups of people cannot learn from each other when they are at war because of religion.  Agree Enemies focus on destroying one another’s way of life rather than learning about it.  Disagree Learning an enemy’s strengths and weaknesses is a major focus during wartime.

5.  Shifts in the balance of political power almost always take place as new nations develop.  Agree The development of a new nation requires groups to relinquish power to a central government.  Disagree The development of new nations simply legitimizes leaders who are already powerful.

6.  Complete a chain of causes and effects that led to the First Crusade.  Turks gain control of Palestine and threaten Constantinople.  The Emperor asks the Pope for help.  Pope Urban asks European lords to free the Holy Lands from the Turks.  Some 10,000 Europeans take up the cause.

7.  Create a chart of the political, economic, and cultural effects of the First Crusade.  Political: Europeans control Holy Land, European institutions spread, crusaders set up small states.  Economic: feudalism spread, trade between Europe and the Holy Land, Italian shipping business grew.  Cultural: Europeans wore Eastern clothes and ate Eastern foods, Christians grew to respect Muslims

8.  Write five false statements about the outcomes of the other major crusades on a sheet of paper.  Skip spaces between each statement.  Exchange papers with a partner and correct the partner’s false statements in the spaces provided.

9.  1 st and 2nd Crusades  Major Leaders:  Major Events:  Outcomes:

10.  1 st 2 nd Crusades  Major Leaders: French and Italian Lords; French and German armies  Major Events: capture of Antioch, Jerusalem; Crusaders defeated at Damascus  Outcomes: Much of the Holy Land fell under European control. In the second Crusade they returned to Europe in disgrace.

11.  3 rd Crusade  Major Leaders:  Major Events:  Outcomes:

12.  3rd Crusade  Major Leaders: Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa, King Philip II of France, and King Richard I of England  Major Events: Couldn’t capture Jerusalem; Richard and Philip get in a fight, Saladin and Richard agreed to a truce.  Outcomes: Under the truce, crusaders received control of some Palestinian towns and Christians were allowed to enter Jerusalem freely.

13.  4 th Crusades  Major Leaders:  Major Events:  Outcomes:

14.  4th Crusade  Major Leaders: French knights, Lead by Pope Innocent III  Major Events: Attacked and looted Constantinople  Outcomes: Constantinople remained under western European control for about 60 years.

15.  Pg. 321-322 write two paragraphs in which you make predictions about which changes brought about by the Crusades were most important to Europe’s development.