1. BOVINE ENDOMETRITIS

2. Uterine inflammation Endometritis - Definition
Superficial inflamation of the endometrium
Disruption of surface epithelium
Infiltration with inflammatory cells
Occurs as Ascending infection during
Natural service
Artificial insemination
Parturition
Abortion
Rare by Haemotogenous route
No overt sign of illness

3. Uterine inflammation Pyometra Purulent inflammation of endometrium
Significant fluid accumulation in uterine lumen
Metritis/ perimetritis
Inflammation involving all layers-occurs during
Difficult calving
Retained placenta
Uterine prolapse
Overt sign of illness observed

4. Uterine Defense Mechanism
Anatomical and Physical barriers
Vulva and Vestibule
Muscular sphincter
Cervix
Mucosa lined by collagenous rings
Cervical and Vaginal mucus
Clear, transparent and elastic – estrum
Scanty and tenacious – Diestrum
Uterus
Muscular layer
Physical propulsion of particulate material
Local Immune system
Cellular
Humoral

5. Diagnosis of Endometritis
Significantly impairs reproductive
Performance
1.Rectal palpation
Insensitive and non specific method
2.Observation of vaginal discharge

6. Diagnosis of Endometritis
3.Vaginoscopic examination
By Speculum
Nature of cervical discharge visualised
More reliable

7. Diagnosis of Endometritis
4.Endometrial Biopsy
Impairment of subsequent fertility
Impractical in practice settings

8. Diagnosis of Endometritis
5.Endometrial Cytology
Done by uterine lavage
Using 2 way foley catheter 20 of saline is flushed into uterus and collected, centrifuged and sediment examined
Presence of variable amount of Nutrophils 8 to 10% indicate endometritis
Acute/Sub acute
Numerous Lymphocyte
Chronic

9. Diagnosis of Endometritis
White side test
Subclinical endometritis
procedure
2ml of cervical mucus + 2ml of 5% NAOH
Colour Degree
1 Turbid or no colour - Normal
2 Light yellow colour - Mild
3 Yellow colour Moderate
4 Dark Yellow Severe

10. Endometritis scoring Vaginal mucus character
Score 0 = clear or translucent mucus
1 = mucus containing flecks of white or off-white pus
2 = < 50 mL exudate containing < 50% white or off-white mucopurulent material
3 = > 50 mL exudate containing purulent material, usually white or yellow, but occasionally sanguineous

11. Endometritis - treatment
Antibiotics/Antiseptics
Inconsistent results
Development of resistance
Inhibition of phagocytic activity
PGF2a
Stimulation of expulsion of uterine contents
Stimulation of Phagocytosis
Increases secretion of IgA IgG

12. Endometritis - treatment
Immuno modulators
LPS -100 µg dissolved in 50ml of
Phosphate buffered saline I/ut
Oysterglycogen –Biologically active

13. Prevention of Endometritis
Calving hygiene
Intensive management of Post partum cows to prevent complications
Nutrition of peri parturient cow
Feeding Anti oxidant
Vit E and Selinium