1. Contraceptives Senior Health

2. Answer the following questions about your contraceptive… ► #1- What is it? ► #2- How is it used?  WHO USES IT?  WHAT DOES IT DO TO PREVENT PREGNACY?  WHEN DO YOU USE IT?  HOW IS IT USED?  WHERE DO YOU GET IT FROM? ► #3- Effectiveness rate?

3. ABSTINENCE ABSTINENCE

4. Sterilization (Male) ► Vascectomy: Vas Deferens are tied or cut to prevent sperm from reaching urethra ► 95-99% Effective ► $300-$600 ► Permanent birth control method performed by doctor ► Does not prevent against STD’s ► Disadvantages?

5. Sterilization (Female) ► Tubal Ligation: Fallopian Tubes are cut to stop egg from reaching the uterus. ► 95-99% Effective ► $1500-$2500 ► Permanent birth control method performed by a doctor ► Does not prevent against STD’s ► No side effects & does not effect sexual pleasure

6. Hormonal Birth Control Methods ► Pills : Prescription pill containing estrogen & progestin taken orally to prevent pregnancy by preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus.  95-98% Effective  $20-$50/Month  Must get from a doctor every 6 mo. to year.  Non-evasive, helps regulate period, prevents ovarian/endometrial cancer  New Pill- 12 week regimen only menstruate 4 x a year.  Possible Side Effects ► Blood clots, weight gain, depression, nausea, breast tenderness

7. Hormonal Birth Control ► Vaginal Ring: Prescription ring inserted into the vagina and around the cervix, releases progesterone and estrogen to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus  95-99% Effective  $35/Month  Put in place once and don’t worry about it, helps regulate period  Must get from a doctor  New ring every 3 weeks- 4 th week menstruate  Ring must be in place for 7 consecutive days before effectiveness is assured  Possible Side Effects: Nausea, weight gain, vaginal irritation Nausea, weight gain, vaginal irritation

8. Hormonal Birth Control ► The Patch: Prescription patch placed on skin of the abdomen, back, or arm which releases hormones into the blood stream to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.  99% Effective  $30/Month  Must get from a doctor  Must be changed weekly  Menstruate in 4 th week.

9. Hormonal Birth Control ► The Shot: Prescription injection of progesterone and/or estrogen  Depo-Provera: Injection every 3 months  Lunelle: Injection every month  97-99% Effective  $150/Injection  Decreases risk of ovarian & endometrial cancer and PID  Possible Side Effects: Loss of bone density (not recommended for young girls) Weight gain, mood swings & blood clots  Visit doctor every 1-3 months for shots

10. Birth Control ► Intrauterine Device: T-shaped device, put in the uterus by a physician  $250 plus cost of visits  COPPER or HORMONAL ► Both kill sperm ► Hormonal type also thickens cervical mucus ► Possibly prevents ovulation  99.9% Effective  Can be kept in place for 5- 10 years  Can help regulate menstruation  Reduce risk of uterine/endometrial cancer  Does not protect against STI’s  Possibility of spotting or irregular bleeding  Falls out of 6% of women

11. Barrier Method Birth Control ► Sponge: Over-the-counter, soft foam sponge that contains spermicide to disable sperm  $2.50-$3.00/Sponge  Placed in vagina over cervix, disables and absorbs sperm for up to 12 hours  91% Effective (Women who have not given birth)  80% Effective (Women who have given birth)  Can purchase over the counter  Does not protect against STD’s  Possible Side Effects: vaginal infection or irritation and TSS

12. Barrier Method Birth Control ► Cervical Cap: Thimble shaped silicone cap that fits over the cervix  $ 75 Plus cost of Dr Visits  Requires prescription and needs to be sized by healthcare professional  Blocks uterus so sperm cannot enter and fertilize  Must be left in vagina for 6-8 hours after intercourse  74-91% Effective  Contains no hormones & protects against some STI’s  Must be available at time of intercourse and properly inserted  May be dislodged during intercourse  May cause unpleasant odor and/or discharge

13. Barrier Method Birth Control ► Diaphragm: Prescription latex dome with a flexible steel ring positioned in the vagina over the cervix. Sized by a healthcare professional.  $30 Plus cost of Dr. visits  Blocks entry to the uterus so sperm cannot enter and fertilize the egg  Must be left in vagina 6-8 hrs after intercourse  84-95% Effective  Contains no hormones & protects against some STI’s  Must be available at time of intercourse and properly inserted  May increase the risk of reoccurring UTI’s  May be dislodged during intercourse

14. Barrier Method Birth Control ► Female Condom: Soft, disposable polyurethane sheath  $2.50-$5.00 Each  Placed in, and lines vagina during intercourse  Prevents direct genital contact and exchange of bodily fluids  80-95% Effective  Protects against some STI’s  Must be inserted properly and available at time of intercourse  More expensive than male condoms approx. $2.50 each approx. $2.50 each  Makes noise during intercourse and may slip or break  Can be purchased over the counter.

15. Barrier Method Birth Control ► Male Condom: Soft disposable sheath that fits over the erect penis (latex or non-latex)  Physical barrier that acts to prevent direct genital contact and the exchange of genital fluids  85-98% Effective  Easily available & protects against STI’s  Must be stored and handled properly  Must be available at time of intercourse  May slip or break  May reduce sensitivity for either partner  Can be purchased over the counter  Cost: $1.00-$2.50 each

16. Withdrawal Method  The withdrawal method of contraception, also known as coitus interruptus, is the practice of withdrawing the penis from the vagina and away from a woman's external genitals before ejaculation to prevent pregnancy. The withdrawal method helps prevent sperm from entering the vagina. The withdrawal method helps prevent sperm from entering the vagina. 70-95% effective (on the lower end for teens) 70-95% effective (on the lower end for teens) Using the withdrawal method for birth control requires self- control. Using the withdrawal method for birth control requires self- control. Does NOT offer protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Does NOT offer protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Free Free

17. Emergency Contraception ► Birth control you can use to prevent pregnancy up to five days (120 hours) after unprotected sex.  89% effective when taken within 72 hours.  Effectiveness decreases as time passes ► Also known as the morning-after pill, emergency birth control, backup birth control, and by the brand names Plan B One-Step, Ella, and Next Choice. ► Take 2 pills as soon as possible following unprotected sex (or take 1, and another 12 hours later)  Side effects may include: Irregular period during your next menstrual cycle, vomiting, nausea, headache, dizziness, etc. ► Available at health centers and drugstores without a prescription if you are 17 or older  Available to individuals younger than 17 with a prescription ► Costs vary from $10 to $70 (but can cost more if you need to see a doctor for a prescription) ► The morning after pill contains hormones progesterone and prevents a woman’s body from releasing eggs.  Also thickens the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to pass through  Thins the lining of the uterus which makes implantation difficult