2. PeriodizationPeriodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

3. Question Who stepped in as the major power of Europe after the Roman Empire fell?Who stepped in as the major power of Europe after the Roman Empire fell?

4. Europe in the 6c

5. The Power of the Church 1.Between the years of 800-1300 almost all the people of Europe were Christians. 2.There was only ONE church, and it was headed by the pope. 3.All aspects of life was centered around the church.

6. Hierarchy Of the Church Pop e Cardinals Archbishop Bishop Priest

7. The Medieval Church 1.The church helped save souls through donations. The church became wealthy. 2.By 1050, the church was the largest land owner in Western Europe. 3.Church members could read and write, many kings could not. 4.Church members become powerful, influential and wealthy as they taught and advised kings.

8. Power Struggle Between the Kings and Popes 1.Kings and nobles began to reward loyalty to people with wealthy positions in the church. However, sometimes these people were immoral and selfish and the people lost respect for the church. 2.Pope Gregory VII changes the church: stated the church was above the king and appoints it’s own bishops and cardinals.

9. Problems continued.. 1.King Henry IV, king of Germany and Italy, considered Gregory’s statement to be an attack on his power. A. Ignored Gregory, called for his resignation. A. Ignored Gregory, called for his resignation. 2.Henry is excommunicated, or expelled from the church. Anyone supported Henry would be excommunicated also. 3.Henry had no supporters.

10. Henry begs.. Henry traveled to Italy on barefoot during the winter to present himself as a beggar. Gregory kept Henry waiting in the cold for three days in the snow before he canceled the excommunication.

11. The Treaty The battle continues… 1. In 1122, representatives of the king and the pope met in Worms, Germany. Treaty: Concordat of Worms. The king agreed to having the pope select church leaders.

12. The Medieval Catholic Church  filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.  monasticism:  St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.  provided schools for the children of the upper class.  inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.  libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.  monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

13. The Power of the Medieval Church  bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.  the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.  tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat.  curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition  tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.  Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

14. A Medieval Monk’s Day

15. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

16. Illuminated Manuscripts

17. The Universities 1.As European towns grew, so did the need want for education. This grew out of the flow of knowledge from the Muslim world. 2.Studies philosophy, theology, medicine and law. 3.Began universities or guilds of students and teachers. 4.Replaced monasteries and cathedrals as places of learning.

18. Medieval Universities

19. Oxford University

20. Reflection #1 Explain the power of the pope.

21. Romanesque Architectural Style e Rounded Arches. e Barrel vaults. e Thick walls. e Darker, simplistic interiors. e Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

22. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

23. Charlemagne’s Empire

24. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

25. The Carolingian Renaissance

26. Carolingian Miniscule

27. The Rise of European Monarchies: England

28. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

29. FeudalismFeudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

30. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

31. Parts of a Medieval Castle

32. The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

33. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

34. The Medieval Manor

35. Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

37. William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)

38. Evolution of England’s Political System  Henry I:  William’s son.  set up a court system.  Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.  Henry II:  established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.  grand jury.  trial by jury.

39. Evolution of England’s Political System  Henry I:  William’s son.  set up a court system.  Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.  Henry II:  established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.  grand jury.  trial by jury.

40. Magna Carta, 1215  King John I   Runnymeade  “Great Charter”  monarchs were not above the law.  kings had to consult a council of advisors.  kings could not tax arbitrarily.

41. The Beginnings of the British Parliament  Great Council:  middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.  eventually called Parliament.  by 1400, two chambers evolved: o House of Lords  nobles & clergy. o House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

42. The Rise of European Monarchies: France

43. Gothic Architectural Style e Pointed arches. e High, narrow vaults. e Thinner walls. e Flying buttresses. e Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. e Stained-glass windows. “Flying” Buttresses

44. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

45. Setting Out on Crusade

46. Christian Crusades: East and West

47. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

48. Medieval Trade

49. Medieval Guilds Guild Hall   Commercial Monopoly:  C ontrolled membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman  Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].  Controlled prices

50. Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

51. Crest of a Cooper’s Guild

52. Reflection Describe the Power the Catholic Church had during the Middle Ages.Describe the Power the Catholic Church had during the Middle Ages.