1. Rise of European Nation-states

2. England William the Conqueror, leader of the Norman Conquest, united most of England Common law had its beginnings under Henry II King John signed the Magna Carta, 1215 (limiting the king’s power) Hundred Years’ War between England & France helped define England as a nation England France Spain

5. William the Conqueror Duke of Normandy Claimed England after his cousin’s death (King Edward) Fought Harold Godwinson (an Anglo-Saxon) who also claimed England Battle of Hastings 1066 William declared England as his

7. William’s Possessions

8. Henry II King of England 1154 - 1189 Strengthened the royal court and introduced trial by jury Established common law (created by the decisions of Henry’s royal judges) Became basis for law for U. S.

9. King John Son of Henry II; became king after his brother, Richard the Lion-Hearted died; ruled from 1199 - 1216 Taxed the people beyond reason Forced to sign the Magna Carta (Great Charter), 1215 - limited the king’s power; no taxation without representation; a trial by jury; protection of law Became basis for legal rights in England and U. S.

10. King John signing Magna Carta Can you think of any other famous documents that grant rights to people?

11. F.Y.I. A later king (Edward I) needed to raise taxes for a war against France; two burgesses (wealthy property owners) from every borough and two knights from every county were summoned to serve as a parliament (legislative group) Nov 1295: knights, burgesses, bishops, and lords met together at Westminster in London = Model Parliament Over time, Parliament grew strong and provided a check on royal power

12. Review Why was the year 1066 important in England’s history? Name two important things King Henry II did? Why was King John forced to sign the Magna Carta? Use the information given in purple to complete the following diagram: Effects of the Magna Carta on England The Magna Carta affected the average person in that … The Magna Carta laid the foundation for… The Magna Carta affected the monarch in that…

13. France Hugh Capet established the French throne in Paris Capetian dynasty gradually expanded control over most of France The Hundred Years’ War between England & France helped define France as a nation. Joan of Arc – a unifying factor Paris France

14. Hugh Capet Led Capetian dynasty Capetian dynasty ruled France from 987 - 1328

15. Hundred Years’ War

16. Fought between England and France 1338-1445 Resulted in victory for France

17. Joan of Arc French peasant girl who heard voices of saints urging her to help King Charles VII drive the English from France during the Hundred Years’ War Captured in battle by Burgundians (England’s allies) & turned over to Church Church accused her of being a witch, tied her to a stake, & burned her to death (May 30, 1431) 1412-1431

18. Review Which French monarch established the throne in Paris? Name the two countries involved in the Hundred Years’ War. Who won the Hundred Years’ War? How did the actions of Joan of Arc affect the outcome of the Hundred Years’ War? List two impacts of the Hundred Years’ War?

19. Spain Ferdinand and Isabella unified Spain and expelled Jews & Muslim Moors Spanish Empire in the western hemisphere (the Americas) expanded under Charles V Spain

20. ‘We don’t want you “anymoor”!’ No “moor” religion.

21. Spanish Inquisition

22. Background info for Russia Many, many moons ago…the Slavs settled in Russia The Vikings were added in the 800s (the Slavs called the Vikings the ‘Rus’) Viking kings ruled over Russia…they traded with the Byzantine Empire, became Orthodox Christians, etc. Then along come the MONGOLS in the 13 th century… they took over Russian lands & required Russian princes to pay tribute ($$$) By the 1400s Russian princes have gradually increased their wealth & territory And then…there was Ivan…

23. Russia Ivan the Great Threw off the rule of the Mongols (bloodless standoff) Centralized power in Moscow Expanded Russia Power was centralized in the hands of the tsar The Orthodox Church influenced unification

24. Review Name the two monarchs that worked to unify Spain. Describe the Inquisition using your own words. Which Spanish monarch expanded Spain’s Empire? Describe the steps Ivan the Great took to reclaim power from Mongols and establish himself as ‘czar’ in Russia.