3. Colonists The Colonists Political Political ideas came from different sources – Ancient Greece and Rome – English government – Enlightenment

4. Basic Concepts Ordered government – Regulated, with specific units and offices Limited government – Restricted Representative government – People have a say

5. Magna Carta Charter Magna Carta “Great Charter” 1215 King had to ask nobles’ advice Nobles had to agree to raise taxes Right to trial by jury Parliament

6. Rights Petition of Rights 1628 King could not force people to loan him money Trial by jury English Bill of Rights 1689 Parliament had to approve taxes King could not interfere with Parliament Trial by jury

7. Magna Carta English Bill of Rights Virginia Bill of Rights U.S. Bill of Rights Trial by Jury  Due Process  Private Property  No cruel punishment  No excessive bail  Bear arms  Petition  No unreasonable searches  Free speech  Free press  Freedom of religion 

8. The 13 Colonies Royal Colonies Proprietary Proprietary Colonies Charter Charter Colonies

9. The Fundamental Orders The Fundamental Orders were adopted in 1639 – the first written constitution in the colonies All free, male landowners were allowed to vote in elections Used secret, written ballots Still part of the state constitution

11. Great Britain Cracks Down In the 1700s, Great Britain needed money – Raised taxes – Imposed restrictions on trade Colonists needed to work together Benjamin Franklin suggested the Albany Plan of Union

12. Trouble 1765: Stamp Act – “Taxation without Representation” 1770: Boston Massacre 1773: Boston Tea Party 1774: Intolerable Acts

13. The First Continental Congress Met for 2 months Sent a Declaration of Rights to King George Made no difference Led to Revolutionary War

14. The Second Continental Congress Organized & ran the Revolutionary War Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation

15. We declare our independence…

16. Declaration of Independence “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” Grievances “these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be, Free and independent States”

17. State Constitutions Virginia: House of Burgesses New Hampshire: First State Constitution Other states called conventions to write constitutions

18. Common Features of Constitutions Popular Sovereignty Government exists with consent of people People hold power Limited Government Restrictions on the power of government Civil Rights & Liberties People have rights Government must respect people’s rights Separation of Powers/Checks & Balances Three branches of government Each branch can control the power of the others

21. The Articles of Confederation WeaknessEffect Congress couldn’t raise taxes One state, one vote Congress couldn’t regulate trade No executive No judiciary Change required unanimous consent

23. The Framers 55 delegates Well-educated 52 Leaders in their states 29 Leaders in the Revolution 8 Signers of the Declaration of Independence

24. THE PLANS

25. The Virginia Plan House of Representatives Senate Bicameral Legislature (Based on population) elect National Executive National Judiciary choose

26. The New Jersey Plan Unicameral Legislature (One vote for each state) National Executive National Judiciary elect choose (Committee, cannot be reelected)

27. THE COMPROMISES

28. Connecticut Compromise Bicameral Legislature House of Representatives Senate (Based on population)(Two per state) Supreme Court President appoints approve

29. Three-Fifths Compromise All free people count Only 3 out of 5 slaves count

30. Trade & Taxes Congress could control interstate trade Congress could tax imports, but not exports Congress could not rule on the slave trade for 20 years

32. Terms Ratify Federalist Anti-Federalist

33. Federalist Papers Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, & John Jay Explained why ratifying the Constitution was a good choice

34. Compromise Bill of Rights – Protect basic rights – Helped Anti-Federalists agree to ratification 9 states needed to ratify the Constitution – New Hampshire was #9 in June, 1788 – Rhode Island finally ratified the Constitution in 1790

35. The First Congress Met March 9, 1789 April 6: George Washington unanimously elected president – John Adams elected vice president