1. { Civics

2.  British East India Company was an important British business that sold tea from India

3.  workers and sailors were the two groups of people that surrounded soldiers during the Boston Massacre

4.  The Declaration’s “list of grievances” included colonists being taxed without their consent.

5.  some people oppose ratification of the Constitution because it did not include protection of individual rights. 

6.  The final authority to determine whether a law is acceptable under the Constitution rests with The Supreme Court

7.  Thomas Paine inspired many other colonists by publishing a pamphlet called Common Sense

8.  The elastic clause allows Congress to stretch its powers to meet new needs

9.  The Bill of Rights has 10 Amendments

10.  In 1689, King William and Queen Mary signed the English Bill of Rights.

11.  The greatest number of Native American fatalities were caused by diseases spread by European contact

12.  The Constitution gives the power to declare war to Congress

13.  The purpose of Committees of Correspondence was to keep colonists informed of British actions

14.  Both the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights gave people accused of a crime the right to a trial by jury.

15.  The main purpose of the Declaration to declare the separation of the United States from Britain

16.  criticizing the government is a form of speech protected by the First Amendment

17.  In impeachment proceedings, the House may Impeach, but the Senate must convict.

18.  Marbury v Madison establish the right of the Supreme Court to determine if a Federal, State or Local law is constitutional. This is known as Judicial review

19.  In 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act, which required colonists to buy stamps to put on legal documents.

20.  Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu argued that the laws of nature also applied to human life and society

21.  The line of succession after the president and vice president  Speaker of the House --> president pro tempore of the Senate --> secretary of state

22.  The primary author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson

23.  Religion had the largest impact on education in the colonies

24.  The Constitution became the supreme law of the land when nine states ratified it

25.  Constitution: detailed, written plan for government

26.  checks and balances: the ability of each government branch to limit the power of the other branches

27.  Anti-Federalists: Americans who opposed the Constitution

28.  popular sovereignty: the idea that power lies with the people

29.  Magna Carta: document that set principles for limited government

30.  Militia: military force made up of civilians trained as soldiers

31.  Minutemen: citizen soldiers who fought the British at Lexington and Concord

32.  Blockade: the shutting off of a port by ships to keep people or supplies from moving in or out

33.  double jeopardy: being tried twice for the same crime

34.  search warrant: court order allowing police to search private property and gather evidence

35.  due process: following established legal procedures

36.  Compromise: agreement in which each side gives up some demands

37.  Jurisdiction: court's authority to hear and decide a case

38.  judicial review: power to review any federal, state, or local law or action to see if it violates the Constitution

39.  appellate jurisdiction: authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court

40.  original jurisdiction: authority to hear cases for the first time

41.  Impeach: accuse officials of misconduct in office

42.  expressed powers: specific powers of Congress listed in the Constitution

43.  Bicameral two-part body

44.  Veto: president's refusal to sign a bill

45.  Monarch: king or queen

46.  proprietary colony: colony owned and controlled by a private owner

47.  royal colony: colony owned and ruled directly by a king

48.  Delegates: representative

49.  Federalist Papers: a series of essays

50.  Ratify: to approve a document

51.  direct democracy: form of democracy in which the people vote first hand

52.  Republic: a representative democracy where citizens choose their lawmakers

53.  executive branch: the division of government that carries out the laws

54.  separation of powers: the division of authority among the three branches of government

55.  Lobbyist: person hired by a private group to influence government decisions

56.  implied powers: congressional powers that are not stated explicitly in the Constitution

57.  The House of Burgesses marked the start of representative government in North America.

58.  Virginia developed a dependable source of income for itself by growing tobacco.

59.  James Madison is known as the father of the Constitution.