1. Growth of Feudal Monarchy in Medieval England

2. The Norman Conquest Duke William of Normandy laid claim to England and crossed the Channel in 1066. The Normans defeat the Saxons under King Harold at the Battle of Hastings. William becomes King William I of England.

3. Battle of Hastings

4. The Norman Conquest

5. King William I (the Conqueror) William used feudalism to grant fiefs to English barons (nobles). He scattered fiefs to ensure loyalty to the crown.

6. England’s castles (many of them built by the Normans)

7. King William I -- continued He retained the right to coin money, collect taxes, and have a court. He retained the Anglo-Saxon tradition of the sheriff --- used here after as a royal official of local govt.

8. King Henry I (1100-1135) – son of William I He started a professional royal/centralized financial bureaucracy known as the Exchequer.

9. King Henry II (1154-1189) – grandson of Henry I He unsuccessfully tries to extend royal law over the Church in England by limiting the role of canon law (Church law). He wanted to curtail some of the criminal provisions (very lax)

10. Henry II and Thomas Becket Henry was opposed by his best friend and Archbishop of Canterbury - Thomas Becket. Becket is murdered by Henry’s knights. Becket becomes a martyr for the Church. This ends Henry’s pursuit of canon law.

11. The Murder of Becket - 1170 1. What led Henry II to install Becket as Archbishop of Canterbury? 2.Why did the king challenge the authority of the church courts (canon law)? 3. Why do you think Becket was canonized (i.e. St. Thomas)? 4The primary source account was from Edward Grim, a witness to the attack: –Cite some examples of potential bias. –Did you find any of the details interesting?

12. Other reforms of Henry II: Henry started the grand jury system. Royal circuit judges would hear cases of reported crimes by groups of men familiar with the cases. Also, royal judges started hearing civil cases and deciding based on the opinions of 12 men. Widespread use of juries and extension of royal law was very popular & helped increase the powers of the monarchy. Henry’s son, Richard I “The Lionhearted” was absent for most of his reign, yet the powers of govt. continued to increase.

13. King John (1199-1216) Henry’s son/Richard’s brother Needed money to fight the French to hold onto English land claims in France. John was forced by the English barons to sign the Magna Carta.

14. Magna Carta Large sums of money can’t be raised by the crown without consent of a representative body of barons No free man could be punished by the crown without judgment by equals & in accordance with the law of the land Concept of representative govt. is established (in theory)

15. Magna Carta - 1215

16. Henry III (1216-1272) – King John’s son Continued to further the specialization of royal courts (ex. High Court) Started the office of foreign correspondence (the Chancery)

17. Parliament

18. Started out as a collection of English barons called by the king to “give consent” to taxes. Parliaments were temporary and members changed as the king traveled the country. Consent was expected. Kings often received advice. Started by Edward I, parliaments also included some reps. from towns (non-nobles) known as “commoners” This is the origins of the House of Commons (not to fully develop for centuries)

19. Edward I (1272-1307) Henry’s III’s son Conquers Wales and tried to subdue Scotland (after fighting William Wallace). Initiated statue law (royal laws applicable to the entire realm) Edward limited baron powers by outlawing baron courts and the ability of barons to grant fiefs

20. Conquest of Wales – Edward continued

21. William Wallace and the Battle of Stirling Bridge