2. Erythrocyte Disorders Read through these in your notes and in your text to make sure you understand the causes and/or symptoms They will be on your Quiz

3. Hemolytic anemia

4. Aplastic Anemia

5. Thalassemia

6. Sickle Cell Anemia

7. Leukocyte Disorders Read through these in your notes and in your text to make sure you understand the causes and/or symptoms They will be on your Quiz

8. Disorders of Hemostasis Type I: Thromboembolytic conditions – undesirable clot formation – Thrombus: clot that develops in an unbroken blood vessel – Embolus: thrombus that breaks away from BV wall and floats freely in bloodstream Either may block circulation to tissues beyond the occlusion and cause death to those tissues Pulmonary embolism, stroke, heart attack

9. Disorders of Hemostasis Endothelial roughening: impairment of endothelial characteristics such as arteriosclerosis, severe burns/scar tissue, or inflammation may give platelets a place to cling and begin a thrombus Blood stasis: slowing of blood flow particularly in immobilized patients does not keep clotting factors diluted

10. Disorders of Hemostasis Bleeding disorders: prevention of proper clot formation – Thrombocytopenia: platelet count under 50,000 per mm3 Petechiae: small purplish blotches (bruises) caused by spontaneous bleeding from small BV all over body Cause: damage to myeloid tissue (bone marrow): bone marrow cancer, radiation, certain drugs Treatment: whole blood transfusion or in some cases platelet transfusion

11. Disorders of Hemostasis Impaired liver function – Little to no procoagulants produced – Causes: vitamin K deficiency, hepatitis, cirrhosis Vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin produced in your intestines by bacteria: liver produces bile which is necessary for fat absorption – No bile = no fat absorption = vitamin K deficiency = no procoagulant production – Treatment: Depends on cause

12. Hemophilia Hemophilia: What is it? Hemophilia: What is it? Hereditary X linked trait so usually affects males – Hemophilia A = factor VIII deficiency – most common – Hemophilia B – factor IX deficiency – Hemophilia C – factor XI deficiency Symptoms: minor tissue trauma causes prolonged bleeding, bleeding into joint capsules after exercise or trauma Management: clotting factor transfusion

13. Developmental Aspects Embryonic – Day 28 of pregnancy – RBC in fetal circulation – By 7 th month: red marrow is chief site of hematopoiesis – HbF – fetal hemoglobin Greater ability to pick up oxygen Replaced by HbA after birth Immature liver may lead to physiological jaundice since bilirubin is not excreted

14. Developmental Aspects Adulthood – Dietary deficiencies or metabolic disorders cause abnormalities in BC formation or hemoglobin production – Iron deficient anemia more common in women

15. Developmental Aspects Old age – Leukemia risk – Pernicious anemia Stomach mucosa atrophies with age Less intrinsic factor (located in lining of stomach – function is B12 absorption) Less B12 absorption Leads to pernicious anemia

16. Diagnostic Blood Tests low hematocrit = anemia high fat level (lipidemia) = problems with heart disease blood glucose test – diabetes, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia differential WBC indicates type of infection platelet count – thrombocytopenia – clotting problems complete blood count = CBC – – includes all aspects of blood – typically done to eliminate possibilities or give doctors a direction to go