2. 6.1 New England Colonies 1. Key Point: Made of mainly small communities  Life centered around: a) Hard work b) Education c) Religion

3. 2. New England – Making a Living  Subsistence Farming – family farms  Land was hilly and rocky – difficult to plow  Short growing season  Usually only a small surplus to sell or barter  Harvesting the Sea  Cod – food and cod liver oil  Whaling  Living from the Forest  Hunting  Lumber (timber)  shipbuilding NH & RI  Trade  Artisans – crafts workers e.g. carpenters & rope makers  Women in the Economy  Worked side-by-side with husbands  Home industries – cloth, soap, candles, clothing  Triangular Trade Route  Exports: lumber, fur, fish, whale oil

4. 3. New England - Education  Puritans believed everyone needed to be able to read the Bible  Private Dame Schools  Women taught reading, Bible verses  Only formal education available for girls  Books were scarce  used “Hornbooks”  1690 New England Primer  First Public Schools  1647 Massachusetts School Law  1 st step toward universal education  First College – Harvard in Boston 1636

5. 4. New England – Community Life  The Town  2 rows of houses facing a common “green”  Church or meetinghouse on one side of green  Family Life  Very Important  Children worked hard  Play - Jacks, Marbles, Hide-n-seek  The Sabbath  Life centered on religion  Church required  Several hours long  Tithingman  long pole w/ feather!  Yearly Town Meeting – for all free men (not enslaved or indentured)  Practice continues into today!  Some voting on local matters

6. 5. What evidence shown in this picture suggests that the settlers did not yet feel safe?

7. 6. Section 1 Questions 1. Define subsistence farming, export, import, artisan, triangular trade routes 2. WHY was the Massachusetts School Law important? 3. Why were town meetings not completely democratic? 4. Summarize New Englander views on: EducationFamilyReligion

8. 6.2 The Middle Colonies 7. Key Point: Home to rural communities & bustling cities:  New York City and Philadelphia A) Diverse populations B) Land & weather gentler than NE

9. 8. The Breadbasket Colonies  Rich soil, longer growing season, mild climate  produced more food (meat & grains)  Food Crops and Meat for SALE!  Wheat  flour  Corm  meal  Transportation  Hudson River  NYC  Delaware River  Philly  Over land  Conestoga wagons

10. 9. New York Farms  Owning land was important to colonists  NY Patroon System –  5 wealthy families had huge estates  ~ 2 million acres  Like small kingdoms  1000’s of tenant farmers  Unhappy farmers rebelled several times, but failed  Reinforced importance of Personal Property/ Ownership  What is the “The American Dream?”  Theme : Private Property Ownership  as part of The American Dream

11. 10. Business, Trade & Cities  Besides farmers …  Millers ground grain  Merchants & shippers  Small craftsmen & artisans – tailors, glassblowers, silversmiths  Construction works – sawmills, brick makers  Cities grew quickly  By early 1700’s, NYC & Philly larger than Boston  23,000 people  Bigger than most English cities!  Baltimore also growing  Diverse populations  Many languages

13. 11. A Different Kind of Community  Middle Colonies settled by people from many countries A. Beliefs B. Customs C. Languages  No one religion dominated  Customs were shared:  German barn raising  Festivals  Theme: America as a Melting Pot

14. 12. Education and Training  Did not set up public schools  Tutors  Church or private schools  Apprenticeships  12 – 13 years old  Master provided food, housing, clothing  Worked w/o wages for several years  Learned trades such as blacksmithing to wig making  After mastery  could become a paid workman

15. 13. The Frontier  During early colonial years, foothills of Appalachian Mountains  Groups:  Newly married couples  Recent immigrants  Former indentured servants  Motivations:  Cheap land  Adventure  Freedom  Theme: Few class distinctions

16. 14: Section 2 Questions: 1. Define Conestoga wagon, patroon, apprentice, frontier 2. Why were the Middle Colonies called the breadbasket colonies? 3. How do you think the Native Americans who lived on the frontier would have reacted to the movement of settlers into the area? 4. Why were the Middle Colonies more diverse than the New England colonies?

17. 6.3 The Southern Colonies 15. Key Points:  Mostly rural area  Relied heavily on enslaved labor  To produce cash crops  Mostly English  Many were wealthy aristocrats and friends of the King  Most belonged to the Anglican Church

18. 16. An Agricultural Economy  2 Classes of Farmers 1. Upper class: Wealthy plantation owners 2. Lower class: small farmers  Environment a) Long, hot, humid summers b) Mild winters c) Many waterways along the Tidewaters d) Plantation owners had their own docks  could ship products to coasts  Result: fewer major harbor cities in South  Cash Crops: tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton  Labor: Enslaved Africans

19. 17. The African Population  By 1760, ¼ of a million Africans in colonies  Some were free people who worked as artisans & sailors  Most were enslaved laborers in the fields & houses in the South  Evidence of:  African culture?  Activities?  Housing:  Enslaved Africans?  Planter Class?

20. 18. The Slave Trade  The Middle Passage  By the 1700’s, slave-traders raided villages & kidnapped men, women, children  Forced immigration in cramped ships  Slave Codes – Laws that denied Africans their rights  Considered people as property  Could not: A. Own or carry weapons B. Hold meetings C. Read or write D. Marry E. IF Mother enslaved  then, child enslaved

21. Slavery Primary Document Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GiFKUJJYOxc

22. 19. Reactions to Slavery  Some Ran Away  To Native American tribes  Most were caught & returned  Some were freed  Some purchased their freedom  The vast majority lived out their lives in slavery.

23. 20. Section 3 Questions 1. Define urban, rural, Tidewater, Middle Passage, slave codes 2. Why were enslaved Africans important to farmers? 3. Describe how enslaved Africans could gain their freedom? 4. Comparing and Contrasting: Recreate the diagram shown here, and list the similarities and differences between New England and Southern Colonies. Southern Colonies New England Colonies