1. Life in the Colonies

2. Economics  New England Subsistence farms Lumber Fishing (Grand Banks) Manufacturing  Middle Colonies “Breadbasket”  South Cash crops  Tobacco  Rice  Indigo  Cotton Slavery

3. Education  New England First public school system in the Americas Based in religion Literacy very important New England Primer

4. The New England Primer

6. Education  New England First public school system in the Americas Based in religion Literacy very important Hornbook New England Primer

7. Education: Middle and Southern Colonies  Middle Colonies Generally private and religiously based  Southern Colonies Private tutors Broad education  Classics (Latin and Greek) and maybe French  History, Philosophy, and perhaps Science  Music

8. Education NameDenominationColonyFounded HarvardPuritan-CongregationalMA1636 William and MaryAnglicanVA1696 YalePuritan-CongregationalCT1701 College of New Jersey (Princeton)PresbyterianNJ1746 King’s College (Columbia)AnglicanNY1754 University of PennsylvaniaNon-sectarianPA1740/49 Rhode Island College (Brown)BaptistRI1764 Queen’s College (Rutgers)Dutch ReformedNJ1766 DartmouthPuritan-CongregationalNH1769  Colleges

9. Government: Britain & Its Colonies  Tradition of Lax Rule English Civil War Glorious Revolution - triumph of Parliament George I and II reliance on Parliament “Whigs”  Salutary Neglect

10. Government  In the colonies Elected assemblies (i.e. House of Burgesses) main governing power “Power of the Purse” (In)equality  Landownership required to vote and hold office  Religious requirements in some colonies  More equal than Parliamentary representation New England towns  Town meetings

11. The Imperial System  Mercantilism  The Trade and Navigation Acts Ships had to be English Stopovers in England Enumerated goods

12. Triangular Trade

13.  New England  Europe and Africa Rum Other goods  Europe  Africa and the Americas Manufactured goods  Africa  Caribbean and North America Slaves Middle Passage  Caribbean  North America Sugar and molasses

14. The Unhealthy Chesapeake  Diseases like malaria, dysentery, and typhoid killed many.  40 or 50 years life expectancy  The Chesapeake region had a 6:1 male to female ratio.  Virginia, with 59,000 people, became the most populous colony.

15. The Tobacco Economy  Chesapeake Bay exported 1.5 million pounds of tobacco in the 1630s,  by 1700, had risen to 40 million pounds a year. BAD ECONOMICS: More availability led to falling prices, and farmers still grew more.  The headright system encouraged growth of the Chesapeake. Aristocrat sponsored an indentured servant’s passage, the aristocrat earned the right to purchase 50 acres land, undoubtedly at a cheap price.

16. Southern Society and the Indians  Southern Society Landed gentry – Plantations; Tidewater region Yeoman farmers – subsistence farmers; Piedmont region  Sir William Berkeley Limited voting rights Limited expansion into Indian lands  Trade agreements  Did not want trouble

17. Bacon’s Rebellion

18.  Cause: free, poor, landless, single men frustrated by the lack of money, land, work, women and Gov William Berkeley’s policies toward the Indians.  1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion wanted land Bacon’s men attacked Indian settlements  Bacon suddenly died of disease, and Berkeley went on to crush the uprising.  Effect: frustrated poor folks ideas to rebel, and so a bit of paranoia went on for some time afterwards.

19. John Peter Zenger  Libel (not slander )  Freedom of the press

20. God in the Colonies  Church of England  (Anglican)  Georgia, both Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland, and a part of New York. sermons were shorter, hell were less frightening, and “amusements” were less scorned.  Congregational Church  (Puritans V 2.0)  Grown from the Puritan church,  Est. in all the New England colonies except for Rhode Island.  by the late 1600s that people weren’t “devout” enough

21. Half-Way Covenant  “ jeremiads.” preachers scolded parishioners for their waning piety in hope to improve faith.  1662 - Ministers have a new formula for church membership in the “ Half-Way Covenant.” All people could come and participate in the church Even if they fell short of the “visible-saint” status and were somehow only half converted

22. Salem Witch Trials

23.  1690s, a group of Salem girls claimed to have been bewitched by certain older women. Hysterical witch-hunt that led to the executions of 20 people (19 of which were hanged, 1 pressed to death) and two dogs. Back in Europe, larger scale witch-hunts were already occurring. Witchcraft hysteria eventually ended in 1693.

24. Great Awakening  Early 18 th Century.  First major religious revival  Pietism  George Whitefield  Jonathon Edwards Sinners in the hands of an Angry God.

25.  Jonathan Edwards. Began preaching in 1734, and his methods sparked debate among his peers. His famous metaphor: “The road to hell is paved with the skulls of unbaptized children.”  George Whitefield better than Edwards four years later. Could make Edwards weep and persuaded Ben Franklin to empty his pockets into the collection plate.

26.  New preachers were met with skepticism by the “old lights,” or the orthodox clergymen.  The Great Awakening led to the founding of “new light” centers like Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth.  The Great Awakening was the first religious experience shared by Americans as a group.