1. INSTRUCTOR REFRESHER TRAINING FTSC 2013

2. Contents Review new PTR & rating Code New stages/exercises and rationale –Teaching techniques –Tips for some stages Notes for: –Preparatory ground briefing –Pre flight briefing –Post flight briefing –HF integration Video clips examples of Demos See speaker notes for more detail

3. Student Pilot Training Record 1 July 30 L-13PPYInstructor’s name :3511111

4. Record Pages

5. Performance Codes 1 - Prep ground instruction or demo/took over control for safety 2 - Physical assistance on controls 3 - Verbal assistance only 4 – No assistance & non critical errors 5 – No assistance & only minor errors/ready for solo

6. PTR - Exercise Stages 1212 3 4 2 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 1212 1212 3 33 4 444 4 4 4 44 5 5 5 5 5 4

7. Remarks Pages 10May 1 st time in turbulent conditions at 300’ got high& slack rope instructor had to take control, debriefed that corrective action required sooner to prevent tow plane upset Jones 229634 May 24 Turbulent day on tow and had no problem recovering slack rope Jones 229634

8. Instructor Comments “Musts” Reduced “g” sensitivity Anxieties/fears Other HF observations IMSAFE factors Any safety related issues –alerting for next instructor –follow up action required

9. Instructor Comments “Should” Review exercises required Training difficulties Recommended exercises Skills mastered Periodic reviews/major stages Specific conditions Special authorizations

10. Example Comments Pilot is sensitive to low “g”. Gradually introduce situations/sensations before lesson on low g tolerance in stall Having difficulty with co-ord of controls. Suggest linked turns and turning on point exercises on next flight Experiencing difficulty with directional control on runway for take off. When using rudder, input is too long and/or not compensating with aileron to control role axis Bounced landing, tried to plant wheel on ground, then opened air brakes fully by mistake. Practice technique at altitude before next landing Completed rope break series of exercises 500’/50’/300’ without difficulty

11. Lesson Planning Factors Weather Human Factors Students ability Instructor’s ability Planned tow height Thermal conditions Time of day Preparatory ground instruction completed Number of students

12. HF for lesson planning I AM SAFE Workload Subject material Student prepared Instructor busy Equipment Conditions

13. Stages/Skills in PTR RECOMMENDED SEQUENCE FOR TRAINING PROGRAM TO FIRST SOLO Stage # Skills to be Taught and Practiced Prerequisites Famil.Instructor introduces CISTRSC-O, LOOKOUT and local area landmarks. 1Demo Interior and Exterior Inspections; Demo CISTRSC-O and LOOKOUT; Primary Effects of Controls: Elevator, then Ailerons (and Rudder) to perform Gentle Turns entry and exit; Control of Speed 2Aileron Drag; Continuous Turns; demo SOAR technique 3Stability; primary Effect of Rudder; The Trim; SOAR Continuous Turns; Demo SWAFTS (including radio call) 4Reduced-g; Slow Flying; 1g Stalls; Turning onto a Heading; SOAR, SWAFTS. 5Medium Turns [Effects of Controls & Turn Coordination – 3] Thermalling Technique and Protocols; Straight Flight (towards a point on horizon) 6Demo Takeoff and Demo Aerotow/Winch Launch[Medium Turns – 3] Effects of Airbrakes at height [Speed Control – 3 & Straight Flight – 3] Approach Control using Airbrakes and [Effects of Airbrakes – 3] Overshooting and Undershooting; Demo Landing

14. 7Practice Takeoff and Tow/Winch launch[Medium Turns – 4] Turns; Lookout, Straight Flight; Stalls; etc. Approach and Landing (from high Final Turn) Thermalling*;[Medium Turns – 4; Effects of Airbrakes – 3] [Overshooting & Undershooting – 3] 8Steep Turns & Advanced Thermalling* Demo Circuit Planning[Approach and Landing – 3] Practice Approach and Landing 9Steep Turns, Thermalling*[Medium Turns – 4] Demo and Practice Collision Avoidance Flying the Circuit (normal Final Turn Height); Use of Radio 10Spiral Dives and Benign Spiral* [Steep Turns – 3] Zigzag in Downwind exercise[Circuit Planning – 3] 11Boxing the Slipstream; Low Tow; High Tow[Aerotow – 3] Further Stalling exercises (Climbing, Descending and in a Turn)[1g stalls – 3] 12Rope/Cable Break Recovery Technique at altitude Effect of Angle of Bank on Stall Speed[Further Stalling – 3] 15Slack Rope on Aerotow; Rope/Cable Break Recovery practice at altitude Sideslipping at altitude exercises Abbreviated Circuit [Circuit Planning – 4]

15. 14Towplane Upsets & Emergency Aerotow Procedures X-Wind Takeoff; Laying Off for Drift on Winch Sideslipping & Sideslip on Approach [Sideslipping – 3] Illusions created by Drift; X-Wind Landing 15Descending on Tow*[Aerotow – 4] Spins and Comparison to Spiral Dive[Spiral Dives – 3] Airbrakes fully open before Circuit exercise[Circuit Planning – 4] 16Further Spinning exercises*; Changing Effect of the Rudder at the Stall;Spin Left off a Right Turn, etc. [Spins – 3] 17Spins Avoidance Practice (recover before spin develops)* Instruments covered exercise*; Right-hand Circuit exercise 18Rope Break demo at 500+ feet agl[Rope/Cable Break Recoveries – 4] Abbreviated Circuit[Abbreviated circuits – 3] 19Off-field Field Selection and Circuit Planning* 20Rope/Cable Breaks flights (demo first at lift-off, at low height, at medium height (300 feet agl), then student practice with full briefing before each flight) [Rope Break demo at 500 ft – 1] 21Review and Practice all maneuvers and skills 22First Solo flight [All identified exercises and skills – 5] 23Post-Solo: [dual flight after every 4 flights max.] Review basic maneuvers, upper air work, incl. descending on tow, Slipping Turn onto Final, etc.

16. 24Upper air work – review of flight test elements, post-basic training exercises – see p B18-1 25Upper air work – review spins and spin avoidance, slips, etc., advanced thermalling, etc., off-field field and circuit selection 26Flight test review and recommendation[All exercises and skills – 5] Note: Exercises marked * may be postponed to the post-solo stages. If pre-solo training was compressed the dual flights should be more frequent after solo to cover all the missed exercises before licensing.

17. Instructing Notes Teach lookout on 1 st lesson while on tow First few flights demonstrate circuit correctly “Duplicable” Do not attempt to teach take off, aero tow or landing too early Do not let student attempt un coordinated flight in early lessons Approach speed rational (1.3 x Vs + Vw) Pre landing checks before high key preferred Aero tow - demo dutch role and how to correct Optional ZigZag circuit is instructor flying student judging

18. More Instructing Notes Preparatory ground instruction When teaching planning circuit instructor flies not student Angle of Bank vs Stall speed is instructor demo only Teach off field landing planning before 1 st solo No climbing turn off tow Instructor taking control too late vs interfering on controls. Rotation ½ airbrakes to 2/3 depending on aircraft Teach landing, then approach control, then circuit planning (rationale) Landings Teach rope break above circuit height, 500’, 50’, then 300’ last (rationale)

19. More Instructing Notes Teach stall recovery from slow flight first from an indication not the full stall Teach wing drop stall recovery before spin recovery Spin recovery technique Further stalls and spins Integrate HF into each lesson plan Post solo requirements (4 solo follow with dual) Signing of log sheets for lessons (FTU) Acute stress Scenario Based Training

20. Preparatory Ground instruction Ref CAR 405.31(b) Not Ground school Training Aides & Use of Video –Instructor delivered is preferred –Can replace one on one instruction at flight line –Student review following flight Background information to any lesson items –Include other training that is relevant to lesson Best given by instructor just before flight with 48 hrs

21. Preflight Briefing Ref CAR 405.31(a) Brief overview of what will be demonstrated/taught Deliberately include any HF aspect of flight Include any safety points for lesson Max duration of a minute or two

22. Post Flight Briefing Ref TC Flight Instructor Guide TP 975 Ask the student how the flight went Bring up any HF lessons learned especially airmanship points Keep critique to 2-3 of major points only Identify what the student did right Suggest what they should work on next

23. Some HF knowledge/practical examples for Flights Vision limitation/Scan techniques & illusions in flight (myopia, drift) Decision making models/Use in flight (SOAR, PAVE/CARE/TEAM, WROLL, SSSLOW, IAMSAFE, CALL) Physiology/Disorientation (Coriolis effect, spatial disorientation, G, air sickness) Physiology/Effects on flight (fatigue, hypoglycemia, dehydration, hypoxia, temperature, barotitis, barosinusitis, bends) Communication errors/CR M Personality factors/Effect on flight (attitude, attention to detail, self discipline, responsibility, self evaluation, stress, fear) Control design/Errors made in flight (spoilers, gear, instruments, primary controls, body& seat position, radio, compass) Checklists/Checklist error(s) made in flight

24. PDM & Risk Assessment Tools Situation (perceive) – PAVE –Ask yourself: what has happened? what is happening now? what will happen next? Pilot Aircraft enVironment External Pressure Options (process) – CARE Consequences Alternatives Reality External factors

25. PDM continued Action (perform) – TEAM Transfer Eliminate Accept Mitigate Re-assess –Regain SA (3 questions & PAVE?) –Has anything changed? –If yes repeat Options, Action Re-assess! SPRM

26. Solo Assessment – Soft Skills Situational awareness Self assessment Intuitive intelligence –Intended consequence –Un-intended consequence Appropriate reactions Assess by asking questions Indicate in PTR after several observations before solo decision

27. Teaching the Stabilized Approach Many students having difficulty No standardized method by many instructors PPS Video available as training aid on SAC web site

28. Type Conversion Training Best given by instructor familiar with type. Instructor dedicated to monitor all of first 1-2 flights in type by radio if aircraft not dual. At safe altitude instruct pilot to familiarize with aircraft handling qualities, air brakes, landing gear, stall etc. Motor glider special requirements (see training recommendation annex to new instructor manual)

29. TMG/MG Training Check out guidance see SAC web site Document Vault CARs requirements –Solo part of GPL privileges –Passenger carrying require 3 solo and instructor sign off on method of launch PDM - Risk analysis training may not be up to par

30. Flight Test Examiner’s Guide Based on TC publication Can be found on SAC web site document Vault Provide information to assist in the conduct of Flight Test Used with SAC Flight Test Standard Look at HF for airmanship and judgment skills not just flying skill

31. New Training Aides DI Video HF for Instructors Video Preparatory Ground Instruction Video Stabilized Approach Scan Video Collision Avoidance Video Recurrent Training Video PDM Training Video Airmanship Video Condor Simulation/simulators Software

32. Flight Lessons  have student note size of objects at 300’  tow corrections by coordinated turns  descend on tow  demo effect of reduced “g” sensation  demo slow flying and pre-stall symptoms & recovery  demo wing drop stall & recovery  demo rope break above circuit altitude  demo further stalling and spin exercises  higher speed stall from stall recovery  spin off rope break  spin from pear turn or thermal entry  opposite spin from turn

33. Flight Lessons  demo angle of bank vs stall speed 20/40/60  demo spoilers at height (under/overshoot above circuit altitude 1500’ AGL)  Improved Scan Technique  demo circuit planning  demo Zig Zag Circuit (optional)  demo over/undershoot on final approach  co-ordination exercises (attitude for speed control, turn on a point, linked turns, mild chandelles)  demo planning off field landing starting at 2000 ft AGL  have student practice an off field circuit (simulation)  have student practice off field landing (simulation)

35. Integrating Simulator Into Flight Instruction Disciplined approach Procedure and techniques Simulator – aircraft – simulator Must supervise student practice Always use rudder Screen off distractions for simulator 50% reduction in glider hours possible

36. Conclusion Latest changes to SAC curriculum PTR as a tool Flight exercises and rational Approach to flight instruction Video training package using Condor.

37. Questions