1. The Biophysical Profile uses Ultrasound to determine fetal well being. These five parameters are assessed: Amniotic Fluid Tone Respiratory Movement Body Movement Non Stress Test

2. Physical Assessment Caput Succedaneum- crosses the suture lines, can occur with a vertex delivery, hemorrhagic edema. Caput Succedaneum- crosses the suture lines, can occur with a vertex delivery, hemorrhagic edema. Cephalohematoma- will not cross the suture lines, due to traumatic delivery and is contained to one area. Cephalohematoma- will not cross the suture lines, due to traumatic delivery and is contained to one area.

3. PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT A FULL TERM INFANT THAT IS SGA IS AT RISK FOR POLYCYTHEMIA DUE TO CHRONIC HYPOXIA IN UTERO: A FULL TERM INFANT THAT IS SGA IS AT RISK FOR POLYCYTHEMIA DUE TO CHRONIC HYPOXIA IN UTERO: MORE RBC’S ARE PRODUCED TO COMPENSATE FOR LACK OF OXYGEN. MORE RBC’S ARE PRODUCED TO COMPENSATE FOR LACK OF OXYGEN.

4. PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT ERYTHEMA TOXICUM- YELLOW OR WHITE MACULAR PAPULAR RASH. THIS IS A NORMAL NEWBORN RASH WHICH WILL RESOLVE SPONTANEOUSLY. ERYTHEMA TOXICUM- YELLOW OR WHITE MACULAR PAPULAR RASH. THIS IS A NORMAL NEWBORN RASH WHICH WILL RESOLVE SPONTANEOUSLY. THIS RASH WOULD NEVER BE FOUND ON THE PALMS OF HANDS OR SOLES OF FEET (THIS TYPE OF RASH CAN BE INDICATIVE OF SYPHYLLIS) THIS RASH WOULD NEVER BE FOUND ON THE PALMS OF HANDS OR SOLES OF FEET (THIS TYPE OF RASH CAN BE INDICATIVE OF SYPHYLLIS)

5. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) THE CONCENTRATION IS LOW IN DOWN SYNDROME BUT ELEVATED IN NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS. THE CONCENTRATION IS LOW IN DOWN SYNDROME BUT ELEVATED IN NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.

6. LATE DECELERATIONS- A FALL IN HEART RATE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE UTERINE CONTRACTION, AND RETURNING TO BASELINE AFTER THE CONTRACTION HAS ENDED. LATE DECELERATIONS- A FALL IN HEART RATE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE UTERINE CONTRACTION, AND RETURNING TO BASELINE AFTER THE CONTRACTION HAS ENDED. * ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED INCIDENCE OF FETAL COMPROMISE. * ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED INCIDENCE OF FETAL COMPROMISE.

7. THERMOREGULATION NEONATES CONSERVE HEAT THROUGH – NON-SHIVERING THERMOGENESIS, WHICH CONSISTS OF THE METABOLISM OF BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE. NEONATES CONSERVE HEAT THROUGH – NON-SHIVERING THERMOGENESIS, WHICH CONSISTS OF THE METABOLISM OF BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE. BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE BEGINS FORMING AT 26-28 WEEKS GESTATION. BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE BEGINS FORMING AT 26-28 WEEKS GESTATION.

8. THERMOREGULATION INSENSIBLE WATER LOSS IS WHAT IS LOST THROUGH THE SKIN AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, AND WE ARE UNABLE TO MEASURE. INSENSIBLE WATER LOSS IS WHAT IS LOST THROUGH THE SKIN AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, AND WE ARE UNABLE TO MEASURE. THE MORE PRETERM THE NEONATE IS THE MORE WATER THEY LOSE IN THIS MANNER. THE MORE PRETERM THE NEONATE IS THE MORE WATER THEY LOSE IN THIS MANNER.

9. FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES INFANTS WITH RDS AND BPD TEND TO HAVE THIRD SPACING OF FLUID WITH EDEMA DUE TO INJURY TO THE CELLS WHICH CAUSE FLUID TO LEAK. INFANTS WITH RDS AND BPD TEND TO HAVE THIRD SPACING OF FLUID WITH EDEMA DUE TO INJURY TO THE CELLS WHICH CAUSE FLUID TO LEAK. THE INJURY IS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO OXYGEN AND POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION. THE INJURY IS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO OXYGEN AND POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION.

10. DEVELOPMENTAL SELF REGULATION IS WHEN A NEONATE ATTEMPTS TO MAINTAIN A BALANCED STABLE STATE: EXAMPLES OF SELF REGULATORY STRATEGIES INCLUDE- SELF REGULATION IS WHEN A NEONATE ATTEMPTS TO MAINTAIN A BALANCED STABLE STATE: EXAMPLES OF SELF REGULATORY STRATEGIES INCLUDE- 1. FOOT BRACING AGAINST A BOUNDARY 1. FOOT BRACING AGAINST A BOUNDARY 2. GRASPING HANDS TOGETHER OR HAND TO MOUTH OR HAND TO FACE 2. GRASPING HANDS TOGETHER OR HAND TO MOUTH OR HAND TO FACE 3. SUCKING 3. SUCKING 4. GRASPING BLANKET OR TUBING 4. GRASPING BLANKET OR TUBING

11. DEVELOPMENTAL THERE ARE TWO DIFFERENT STATES THE NEONATE CAN BE IN: SLEEP AND AWAKE STATE: THE AWAKE STATE CONSISTS OF THE INFANT BEING - ACTIVE ALERT, QUIET ALERT AND CRYING. THERE ARE TWO DIFFERENT STATES THE NEONATE CAN BE IN: SLEEP AND AWAKE STATE: THE AWAKE STATE CONSISTS OF THE INFANT BEING - ACTIVE ALERT, QUIET ALERT AND CRYING. THE BEST TIME TO INTERACT WITH THE NEONATE IS WHEN THEY ARE IN THE QUIET ALERT STATE. THE BEST TIME TO INTERACT WITH THE NEONATE IS WHEN THEY ARE IN THE QUIET ALERT STATE.

12. NUTRITION NEONATES DEVELOP THE ABILITY TO COORDINATE SUCKING, SWALLOWING AND BREATHING AT 31-34 WEEKS. NEONATES DEVELOP THE ABILITY TO COORDINATE SUCKING, SWALLOWING AND BREATHING AT 31-34 WEEKS.

13. CARDIAC CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS THAT HAVE AN INCREASE IN PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW ARE: PDAVSDASD AV CANAL

14. CARDIAC OBSTRUCTIVE DEFECTS THAT CAUSE PULMONARY VENOUS CONGESTION ARE: OBSTRUCTIVE DEFECTS THAT CAUSE PULMONARY VENOUS CONGESTION ARE: COARCTATION OF THE AORTA COARCTATION OF THE AORTA AORTIC STENOSIS AORTIC STENOSIS

15. CARDIAC MATERNAL FACTORS THAT PREDISPOSE NEONATES TO CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS ARE: MATERNAL FACTORS THAT PREDISPOSE NEONATES TO CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS ARE: LUPUS LUPUS MATERNAL DIABETES MATERNAL DIABETES RUBELLA RUBELLA

16. LINE PLACEMENT UMBILICAL ARTERY CATHETERIZATION – IF PLACEMENT IS LOW CATHETR SHOULD BE BETWEEN THE 3 RD AND 4 TH LUMBAR SPACE. UMBILICAL ARTERY CATHETERIZATION – IF PLACEMENT IS LOW CATHETR SHOULD BE BETWEEN THE 3 RD AND 4 TH LUMBAR SPACE. IF PLACEMENT IS HIGH CATHETER SHOULD BE BETWEEN THE 6 TH -10 TH THORACIC SPACE. IF PLACEMENT IS HIGH CATHETER SHOULD BE BETWEEN THE 6 TH -10 TH THORACIC SPACE.

17. X-RAYS DUODENAL ATRESIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH DOWN SYNDROME. DUODENAL ATRESIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH DOWN SYNDROME. CLASSIC APPEARANCE ON ABDOMINAL X-RAY WILL REVEAL A “DOUBLE BUBBLE”. CLASSIC APPEARANCE ON ABDOMINAL X-RAY WILL REVEAL A “DOUBLE BUBBLE”.

18. PHARMACOLOGY TOLERANCE TO A MEDICATION IS WHEN THE INFANT REQUIRES AN INCREASE IN DOSE TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED EFFECT. TOLERANCE TO A MEDICATION IS WHEN THE INFANT REQUIRES AN INCREASE IN DOSE TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED EFFECT. DEPENDANCE TO A MEDICATION IS WHEN THE INFANT NEEDS REGULAR ADMINISTRATION OF THE MEDICATION FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL WELL BEING. DEPENDANCE TO A MEDICATION IS WHEN THE INFANT NEEDS REGULAR ADMINISTRATION OF THE MEDICATION FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL WELL BEING.

19. GI SYSTEM OMPHALOCELE- HERNIATION THROUGH THE UMBILICUS, COVERED BY A SAC. ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER ANOMALIES SUCH AS SGA, SKELETAL OR CHROMOSOMAL. OMPHALOCELE- HERNIATION THROUGH THE UMBILICUS, COVERED BY A SAC. ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER ANOMALIES SUCH AS SGA, SKELETAL OR CHROMOSOMAL. GASTROSCHISIS- HERNIATION OCURS TO THE RIGHT OF THE UMBILICUS AND IS NOT USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER ANOMALIES. GASTROSCHISIS- HERNIATION OCURS TO THE RIGHT OF THE UMBILICUS AND IS NOT USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER ANOMALIES.

20. BILIRUBIN INDIRECT BILIRUBIN ALSO KNOWN AS UNCONJUGATED IS FAT SOLUBLE AND MUST BE BROUGHT TO THE LIVER TO BE CHANGED TO WATER SOLUBLE. INDIRECT BILIRUBIN ALSO KNOWN AS UNCONJUGATED IS FAT SOLUBLE AND MUST BE BROUGHT TO THE LIVER TO BE CHANGED TO WATER SOLUBLE. DIRECT BILIRUBIN ALSO KNOWN AS CONJUGATED IS WATER SOLUBLE AND IS READY TO BE EXCRETED IN THE BILE AND INTO THE STOOL. DIRECT BILIRUBIN ALSO KNOWN AS CONJUGATED IS WATER SOLUBLE AND IS READY TO BE EXCRETED IN THE BILE AND INTO THE STOOL.

21. GI SYSTEM AT BIRTH THE ABDOMEN IS FLUID FILLED, WITHIN 30 MINUTES IT BEGINS TO FILL WITH AIR. AT BIRTH THE ABDOMEN IS FLUID FILLED, WITHIN 30 MINUTES IT BEGINS TO FILL WITH AIR. WITHIN 8 HOURS THE LARGE INTESTINE SHOLD BE FILLED WITH AIR, IF NOT THIS COULD INDICATE AND OBSTRUCTION. WITHIN 8 HOURS THE LARGE INTESTINE SHOLD BE FILLED WITH AIR, IF NOT THIS COULD INDICATE AND OBSTRUCTION.