1. Measuring Population Change

2. Measuring Change - Birthrate Demography – the area of sociology devoted to the study of human populations Birthrate: the annual number of live births per 1,000 members of a population Birthrate = (Live Births/Total Population) x 1,000 United States – What’s the Birthrate? 4 million live births, 281 million people: Considered to be a crude birthrate – includes men, women, and children outside the age of childbearing Gives idea of fertility the actual number of births occurring to women of childbearing age Different than fecundity – capability to bear children America in Trouble? 14.2

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4. Measuring Change – Death Rate Mortality is another contributing factor that effects population The number of deaths within a society Measure used to determine this is known as the Death Rate Death Rate = (Deaths/Total Population) x 1,000 United States – What’s the death rate? 2.4 million deaths, 281 million people: Another way demographers study health and life conditions of a country is infant mortality rate – annual number of deaths among infants under one year of age Infant Mortality Rate = (Infant Deaths/Live Births) x 1,000 United States – 7.1 Infant Mortality Rate 8.4

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6. j NationBirthrateDeathrateInfant Mortality Life Expectancy Male/Female United States1597.174/80 Africa: Ethiopia 44159751/53 Asia: China1563169/73 Europe: France 1394.475/83 Latin America: Puerto Rico 15710.571/80 Oceania: Australia 1375.776/82 Middle East: Afghanistan 431915446/44

7. Measuring Change – Migration Rate Migration – movement of people from one specific area to another In Migration Rate = number of people who move to a region/1,000 Out Migration Rate = number of people who move out of a region/1,000 Push and Pull Factors Push Factor – is something that encourages people to move out of a certain area Examples? Pull Factor – is something that encourages people to move into a certain area Examples?

8. j RegionTotal Population Live Births DeathsBirth Rate Death Rate Growth % North443,59210,9835,94025131.2 South373,0225,8422,9571680.8 East672,18413,4018,02220120.8 West801,83527,47710,02634132.1

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10. Measuring Change – Growth Rate Growth Rate – rate at which a country’s population is growing/increasing…calculated by using death rate and birth rates Growth Rate = Birth Rate – Death Rate 14.6 – 8.5 = 6.1 (which is.6%) What does this mean? Growth rates are higher in unindustrialized societies…Why? Doubling Time – Time period in years for a population to double in size given its current rate of growth 1650-1850 (200 years) – ½ Billion to 1 Billion 1850-1930 (80 years) – 1 Billion to 2 Billion 1930-1975 (45 years) – 2 Billion to 4 Billion 1975-2025 (50 years) estimated to reach 8 Billion (why longer?) What’s the impact???? Baby Boomers vs. You

11. Key Vocabulary Demography Birth Rate Crude Birth Rate Fertility Fecundity Mortality Death Rate Infant Mortality Rate Migration Push Factor Pull Factor Growth Rate