1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Menu Introduction Section 1: Section 1: The Land Section 2: Section 2: Climate and Vegetation Visual Summary

3. Chapter Intro 1 A study of the physical geography of Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica reveals a region of extreme differences—from the dry Australian Outback to the volcanic islands of the Pacific to the cold ice cap of Antarctica. Each of these subregions offers unique opportunities for economic growth, tourism, and scientific research.

4. Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: The Land The physical environment affects people and their activities. Australians have adapted to life in a country with large expanses of dry, flat land. People in Oceania take advantage of the volcanic soil of many of the islands.

5. Chapter Intro 3 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation The physical environment affects people and their activities. Australia is characterized by several different climates, while most of Oceania has a tropical wet climate and New Zealand has a marine west coast climate. Each type of climate affects human activities.

6. Chapter Preview-End

7. Section 1-GTR The Land Australians have adapted to life in a country with large expanses of dry, flat land. People in Oceania take advantage of the volcanic soil of many of the islands.

8. Section 1-GTR artesian well The Land virtually coral atoll lagoon display

9. Section 1-GTR A.Australia The Land B.Great Dividing Range C.Nullarbor Plain D.Murray River E.Darling River F.Oceania G.Melanesia

10. Section 1-GTR H.Micronesia The Land I.Polynesia J.New Zealand K.North Island L.South Island

11. A.A B.B C.C Section 1 Name the only place on earth that is both a continent and a country? A.Antarctica B.Australia C.Africa The Land

12. Section 1 Australia’s physical environment contributes in various ways to the country’s economy. Australia Mountains and Plateaus: –Great Dividing Range –Western Plateau –Nullarbor Plain

13. Section 1 The Great Dividing Range and the Western Plateau are separated by the Central Lowlands. The world’s largest coral reef—the Great Barrier Reef—lies along the northeastern coast. Australia (cont.) Agriculture is important to the country: –Wheat, barley, fruit, sugarcane –Cattle, sheep, chickens

14. Section 1 Rich mineral resources: –One-fourth of the world’s bauxite –Opals –Coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, nickel and petroleum Australia (cont.) Australia: Elevation Profile

15. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Farmers use which source of water for their livestock? A.The Great Artesian Basin B.Murray River C.Darling River D.Sea water

16. Section 1 Life on the islands of Oceania is influenced by the type of island and physical process by which it was formed. Oceania Oceania’s islands are classified into three groups based on: –Location –How the islands formed –The inhabitants’ cultures

17. Section 1 Oceania (cont.) Three groups: –Melanesia –Micronesia –Polynesia

18. Section 1 Oceania (cont.) Island types: –High—mountain ranges split by valleys –Low—atolls and lagoons –Continental—larger islands

19. A.A B.B C.C Section 1 Which type of island best supports human life? A.High B.Low C.Continental

20. Section 1 People in New Zealand utilize elements of the physical environment to make a living. New Zealand North Island: –Golden beaches, ancient forests, rich soil, freshwater lakes –Mount Ruapehu

21. Section 1 New Zealand (cont.) South Island: –Southern Alps –Mount Cook –Sparkling lakes –Canterbury Plains

22. A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E Section 1 New Zealand’s physical environment allows which of the following to occur? A.Farming B.Raising livestock C.Using hydroelectric power D. Using geothermal energy E. All of the above

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24. Section 2-GTR Climate and Vegetation Australia is characterized by several different climates, while most of Oceania has a tropical wet climate and New Zealand has a marine west coast climate. Each type of climate affects human activities.

25. Section 2-GTR wattle Climate and Vegetation framework doldrums typhoon manuka occupy

26. Section 2-GTR A.Western Plateau Climate and Vegetation B.Southern Alps

27. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 The vegetation of Australia is primarily which of the following? A.Tropical rain forest B. Temperate grassland C.Desert scrub and desert waste D. Deciduous forest Climate and Vegetation

28. Section 2 Variations in rainfall affect Australian’s climate and vegetation. Australia Climate and vegetation vary greatly: –Tropical (humid subtropical, Mediterranean, marine west coast)—northeast –Desert and steppe—interior

29. Section 2 Australia (cont.) –Midlatitude temperate—eastern, southern, and southwestern coasts Australia and Oceania: Natural Vegetation

30. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 What causes the significant changes in climate and vegetation throughout Australia? A.Wind currents B.Differences in rainfall C.Mountain ranges D.All of the above

31. Section 2 Oceania is characterized by a tropical wet climate, while New Zealand experiences a more temperate marine west coast climate. Oceania and New Zealand Seasons throughout most of Oceania alternate between wet and dry. The doldrums occupy a narrow band near the equator.

32. Section 2 Oceania and New Zealand (cont.) Ocean winds warm New Zealand in the winter and cool it in the summer, preventing temperature extremes. Geographic differences also cause climatic variations.

33. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which percentage of New Zealand’s indigenous plants are native only to New Zealand? A.50% B.70% C. 90% D. 100%

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35. VS 1 A. Great Dividing Range Chain of hills and mountains stretching from Cape York Peninsula to Tasmania Interrupts Australia’s otherwise flat landscape Most of Australia’s rivers begin in this range. Extends through several climate regions

36. VS 1 B. Oceania Three island clusters: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia Tropical wet climate High islands were formed by volcanoes. Low islands are atolls formed by the buildup of coral on the rim of submerged volcanoes. Continental islands were formed by rising and folding of the ocean floor and contain most of Oceania’s mineral resources.

37. VS 1 C. Great Barrier Reef Located along Australia’s northeastern coast World’s largest coral reef Home to multitudes of fish and other marine life

38. VS 1 D. Central Lowlands Located between Great Dividing Range and Western Plateau Murray and Darling Rivers supply water that supports farming. Great Artesian Basin provides vast amounts of underground water.

39. VS 1 E. New Zealand North Island and South Island make up 90 percent of the country’s landmass. North Island has central plateau with volcanoes and hot springs; South Island has Southern Alps and lakes carved by glaciers. Marine west coast climate

40. VS 1 F. Western Plateau Also known as the Outback; an expanse of flat land in central and western Australia Sparsely populated, but large ranches raise livestock here. Includes Great Sandy, Great Victoria, and Gibson Deserts

41. VS-End

42. Figure 1

43. Figure 2

44. DFS Trans 1

45. DFS Trans 2 July, August, and September

46. Vocab1 artesian well a bored well from which water flows up like a fountain

47. Vocab2 coral limestone deposits formed from the skeletons of tiny sea creatures

48. Vocab3 atoll ring-shaped island formed by coral building up along the rim of an underwater volcano

49. Vocab4 lagoon shallow pool of water at the center of an atoll

50. Vocab5 wattle woven framework made from acacia saplings by early Australian settlers to build homes

51. Vocab6 doldrums a frequently windless area near the Equator

52. Vocab7 typhoon a violent tropical storm that forms in the Pacific Ocean, usually in late summer

53. Vocab8 manuka small shrubs that grow in plateau regions of New Zealand

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