6.  5 th MT Avulsion Fx  MOI › Ankle forced into inversion, muscle contract so forcefully to stabilize the lateral aspect of ankle, that peroneus brevis tendon pulls part of the bone away at its attachment  S/sx › Px lateral aspect of foot/ankle › Swelling, bruising, sometimes unable to bear weight

7.  Tx › PRICE › Refer for x-rays › Boot/cast/crutches › Possible surgery

10.  Growth plate injury  MOI: › ankle forced into plantar flexion and inversion  S/sx › Pain and swelling over epiphysis › Difficulty walking/running

11.  Tx › PRICES › Refer for x-rays › Splint/cast/boot › Potentially serious because growth plate can close prematurely – stunts bone growth

13.  Most commonly occur to tibia, fibula, and MT  MOI › Repetitive stress – usually running  S/sx › Px that becomes worse at night and after activity › Px/swelling over the bone

14.  Tx › PRICES  4-6wks rest! › Refer for x-rays  May not show initial injury due to lack of calcium build up around injury site › Boot/cast › Bone scan/CT scan

16.  MOI › Plantar fascia pulls on the calcaneus, causes a small disruption to the bone – body attempts to repair like a broken bone  S/sx › Can dig into soft tissue and cause px/tenderness  Tx › Heel cup/padding › Injection - cortisone

19.  Aka – turf toe  MOI › Excessive force applied to great toe (flexion or extension)  Force causes sprain/strain  S/Sx › Pain, swelling, discoloration › Inability to walk/run normally  Tx › PRICE › Tape/padding

21.  MOI › Running on hard surface › Improper footwear › Repetitive stress  S/Sx › Pain over involved arch › Difficulty walking/running › Swelling/discoloration on plantar surface  Tx › PRICE › Padding to arch › Rehab – strengthening foot muscles/stretching calf muscles

23. › IV  Severity depends on:  Amount of force  Amount of tape  Type of shoe  Strength of muscles  S/Sx › Swelling, discoloration › Crepitus › Decreased ROM  Tx › PRICE › Referral – certain situations › Rehab

25. › EV  Severity depends on:  Amount of force  Amount of tape  Type of shoe  Strength of muscles  S/Sx › Swelling, discoloration › Crepitus › Decreased ROM  Tx › PRICE › Referral – certain situations › Rehab

27.  85% of ankle sprains occur from excessive inversion  15% of ankle sprains occur from excessive eversion

28.  MOI › Heel hits ground forcefully › Posterior dislocation occurs with a blow to the anterior aspect of the leg while the ankle is in plantar flexion  S/Sx › PAIN › Deformity › Inability to use  Tx › 911

32.  MOI › Repeated running, jumping, landing › Causes cells in tendon to break down  S/Sx › Tenderness › Swelling › Crepitus on dorsiflexion  Tx › Rest and Ice › Stretching › Refer to MD sometimes

35.  MOI › Forced dorsiflexion › Blow to Achilles › Sudden forceful contraction of gastrocnemius  S/Sx › Pain › Hear/feel pop › Deformity › Swelling › weakness

36.  Tx › REFER immediately › Splint, ice, crutches

39.  MOI › The muscle fibers on the medial side of the tibia become torn and irritated  S/Sx › Pain  Over tibia  While running/walking › Tight calf muscle

40.  Tx › PRICE › Ice massage! › Calf stretching › New shoes › Arch supports/tape

41.  MOI › Due to overuse or severe impact, the tissue in the compartment swells, it increases the pressure on the connective tissue, which causes severe pain that increases with activity and does not subside when there is no activity or a period of rest  S/Sx › Hot, red skin; hardness in area › Loss of foot motion › Numbness/tingling › Severe pain

42.  Tx › REFER immediately!!! › Surgery required to relieve pressure

43.  MOI › Chronic stress  S/sx › Tenderness at bottom of calcaneus – progresses toward toes  Tx › Heel cup › Stretching calf and plantar muscles of foot › PRICE › Night splint