1. Applying World Cup Soccer (1930-1990) in Basic Statistics

2. Background Originated in 1930 and is played every four years (most recently in 2010 when Spain beat the Netherlands 1-0 for the Cup) The Cup was not played in 1942 or 1946 due to World War II A host country automatically qualifies their team for the Cup Between 1930 and 1990 two points were earned for each World Cup Win and one point for each World Cup Draw (since then three points are earned for each World Cup Win)

3. Number of Points Earned in Men’s World Cup Soccer for 20 leading countries between 1930 – 1990 Scotland (14) Chile (17) Mexico (18) Belgium (18) Netherlands (22) Austria (26) Czechoslovakia (27) * Sweden (28) Poland (31) Hungary (33) Spain (33) Yugoslavia (35) * France (35) Soviet Union (36) * Uruguay (38) England (48) Argentina (57) Italy (74) (West) Germany (93)* Brazil (99)

4. Determination of Points Between 1930 and 1990, during regular World Cup Play, two points were awarded per Win and one point was awarded per Draw. No points were awarded for Losses Example 1: Brazil’s Record Between 1930 and 1990: 44 Wins, 11 Draws, 11 Losses 44(2) + 11(1) + 11(0) = 88 + 11 + 0 = 99 points Example 2: Italy’s Record Between 1930 and 1990: 31 Wins, 12 Draws, 11 Losses 31(2) + 12(1) + 11(0) = 62 + 12 + 0 = 74 points  All the more impressive since Italy did not compete in 1930 and did not qualify in 1958

5. First Statistical Implications The mean of the twenty teams is 39.1 points The median (also the 50 th Percentile) of the twenty teams is 33 points Because the mean > median, this implies that a graph of the twenty observations would show a RIGHT SKEW

6. World Cup Soccer Points Histogram

7. Five Number Summary For A Box and Whiskers Plot (Right Skew Indicated Below) 14, 17, 18, 18, 22, 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 33, 35, 35, 36, 38, 48, 57, 74, 93, 99 Minimum = 14 Lower Quartile = 24 (25 th Percentile) Median = 33 (50 th Percentile) Upper Quartile = 43 (75 th Percentile) Maximum = 99 14 24 33 43 99

8. Finding Outliers 14, 17, 18, 18, 22, 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 33, 35, 35, 36, 38, 48, 57, 74, 93, 99 Definition: If ALL values fall between Lower Quartile – 1.5(Inter Quartile Range) and Upper Quartile + 1.5(Inter Quartile Range) then there are no outliers Definition: Inter Quartile Range = Upper Quartile – Lower Quartile Inter Quartile Range = 43 – 24 = 19 24 – 1.5(19) = -4.5 43 + 1.5(19) = 71.5 Three of the above values fall outside of the range -4.5 and 71.5, specifically 74, 93, and 99. These are called OUTLIERS and are represented by Italy, West Germany, and Brazil respectively

9. “The English invented it, the Brazilians perfected it” 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, and 2002 World Cup Champions, more than any other country Edison "Edson" Arantes do Nascimento aka PELE (1,281 goals in 1,363 games including winning the 1958, 1962, and 1970 Cups) – Nearly quit after losing the 1966 Cup (England) but changed his mind to return for the 1970 Cup. He retired in July 1971

10. The Azzurri (The Blues) 1934, 1938, 1982, and 2006 World Cup Champions, the second best Cup record behind Brazil Post 1938 World Cup victory the Italians did not win another major soccer match until the 1968 European Championships – 1949 plane crash in Torino, Italy killed 10 of the 11 expected starters on the Italian National Team. It took years of rebuilding after failing to make it out of the first round in 1950 and not qualifying in 1958 – The 1968 match was significant in that the game (Italy versus Yugoslavia) ended in a tie and this was before penalty kicks (aka Shoot Out) broke the Draw. – Result: The rules at the time stated they had to play another match days after the first match ended in a Draw. Italy won the replay 2-0

11. Did You Know…? Italy’s blue uniforms are “Azzuro Savoia” (Savoy Blue), the color linked to the royal dynasty that unified the country of Italy in 1861 The 1982 World Cup Final has the greatest goal ever scored in any World Soccer match (also shown in the opening moments of ABC’s Wide World of Sports) by Marco Tardelli The 2006 World Cup Final against France ended in penalty kicks 5-3 and is known for the infamous Zinedine Zidane head butt resulting in his red card and prompt retirement

12. 1954, 1974, 1990 World Cup Champions (the third best Cup Final Record behind Brazil and Italy) – The 1954 Cup victory against Hungary (3-2) is considered a major upset since Hungary was on a 32 game win streak going into that Final. Hungarians today are still feeling the pain – The 1974 Cup was won on home turf, despite a 1-0 loss in the opening round to their fellow Group member… East Germany (the eventual 1976 Gold Medalists in Soccer) – The 1990 victory represented Germany’s third consecutive appearance in the Final, (Italy in 1982; Argentina in 1986). Beat Argentina in 1990 1-0 on an 85 th minute penalty kick German National Soccer

13. Did You Know…? The German men’s team has more semi final appearances than any other team including Brazil which won more Cups Reached at least the Quarterfinals of 10 Cups between 1930 and 1990 Did not play in 1930 due to economic reasons stemming from The Depression or 1950 due to the post World War Two ban The official re-unification of Germany following the fall of The Berlin Wall did not occur until October 1990 which is why West Germany was represented in the 1990 World Cup Germany has the distinction of having World Cup Champions for both the men AND the women – The German national women’s team won the 2007 Women’s World Cup 2- 0 against Marta and the rest of the Brazilian squad, never giving up a goal the entire tournament.

14. Marco Tardelli’s Goal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7O0zIXDcf HI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7O0zIXDcf HI 1:20 The clip can also be seen in the opening of the Wide World of Sports introduction (“the thrill of victory and the agony of defeat”)