1. World Geography Physical Geography

2. Maps Concepts Scale Latitude Longitude Relative Location Orientation

3. Geographers Use GIS Field Work Satellite Image Photographs Maps, Globes Data Bases Primary Sources

4. Latitude: absolute location

5. Longitude: absolute location

6. Relative Location Describes the spatial relationships between and among places.

7. Area Can be represented using a variety of scales.

8. Scale The amount of detail shown on a map is dependent on the scale used.

9. Compass Rose Directional Indicator-identifies map orientation

10. Mental Maps: based on objective knowledge and subjective perceptions. Carry out daily activities Give directions to others Understand world events

11. Mental Maps Serve as indicator of how well people know the spatial characteristics of certain places.

12. Map Is a visual representation of geographic information All Maps are distorted representations of Earth’s Surface

13. Standard way that map show information Symbols Color Lines Boundaries Contours

14. Types of Thematic Maps Population Economic Activity Resource Language Ethnicity Climate Precipitation Vegetation Physical Political

15. Projections Mercator –ship navigation Polar – airline navigation Robinson-data representation

16. Aspects of the Earth that can be distorted Area Shape Distance Direction

17. Climate is defined by certain characteristics Temperature Precipitation Seasons( hot/cold, wet/dry)

18. Climate regions have distinctive vegetation

19. Climate Patterns result from the interplay of common elements Influence of latitude Influence of winds Influence of elevation Proximity to water

20. World Climate regions Low latitudes: tropical wet &dry, arid, semiarid, and highland Middle Latitudes: Semiarid, arid, Mediterranean, humid continental, marine west coast, humid subtropical. High latitudes: sub arctic, tundra, and ice cap.

21. Vegetation Regions Tropical rain forest Savanna Desert Steppe Middle Latitude Forest Taiga Tundra

22. Certain weather phenomena Monsoons-south and southeast Asia Typhoons-pacific ocean Hurricanes- Atlantic Ocean Tornadoes –United States

23. Climates and weather affect how people live in different regions

24. Physical and ecological processes shape the Earth’s surface Earthquakes Floods Volcanoes Erosion

25. Humans both are affected and affect their environment Water diversion/ management Changing landscapes Environmental changes

26. Water Diversions and Management: can help the earth and can hurt the earth. Help Irrigation for farming Reservoirs for energy Canals makes trading easier because travel is easier. Harmful Aral Sea Colorado River Aswan High Dam

27. Aral Sea

29. Colorado River

31. Aswan High Dam

34. Canals

35. Reservoirs

36. Irrigation

37. Landscape Alteration

39. Agricultural Terracing

40. Polders

41. Deforestation

42. Desertification

43. Acid Rain

44. Pollution (oil spill)

45. Changing Landscape: anytime the earth surface is changed by humans. Helpful Agricultural terracing Polders Harmful Deforestation Desertification

46. Environmental Change Acid Rain Pollution

47. Environmental Impact on humans Settlement patterns Housing Materials Agricultural activity Types of recreation Transportation pattern

48. Technology has expanded people capability to modify and adapt to their physical environment.

49. Adaptations to the environment Agriculture (fertilizers, mechanization) Energy Usage (fossil fuels, nuclear) Transportation (road buildings, railways) Automobiles (parking lots, suburbs) Airplanes (airports, noise)

50. Regions are areas of the Earth’s surface which share similar unifying characteristics. They are used to simplify the world for study and understanding.

51. Region may be defined by physical or cultural characteristics.

52. Physical Regions

53. Sahara

54. Taiga

55. Rain Forest

56. Great Plains

57. Low Countries

58. Regional Labels may reflect changes in people’s perceptions Middle East Sun Belt Rust Belt

59. Regional Landscapes reflect cultural characteristics of their inhabitants Architectural structures Dwellings

60. Regional labels Middle East Sun Belt Rust Belt

61. Regional Landscapes Architectural structures Religious structures Dwellings Statues and Monuments

62. Religious Structures Mosques (Islam) Church (Christianity) Synagogues (Jewish) Temples ( Hindu) Pagodas ( Buddhist)

63. Buddhist Temple

64. Church

65. Pagodas

68. Hindu Temple

69. Mosques

70. Statues and Monuments

71. Taj Mahal : India

72. Kaaba: Mecca, Saudi Arabia

73. Western Wall: Jerusalem

74. Dome of the Rock: Jerusalem

75. Church of the Holy Sepulcher

76. Pyramids: Egypt

77. Kremlin: Russia

78. Eiffel Tower

79. Virginia State Capital: Richmond

80. Washington Monument: Washington D.C.

81. White House

82. Lincoln Memorial

83. Statue of Liberty

84. The development of a region is influenced by many factors, including physical, economic, and cultural characteristics.

85. Different criteria may be used to determine a country’s relative importance GDP Land Size Population Size Resource

86. Elements of the physical environment such as major bodies of water and mountains, influence the economic and cultural characteristics of regions.

87. Water Rio Grande –boundary Ob River-flows northward into Arctic Ocean Zambezi River-water power Ganges and Brahmaputra-flood hazard

88. Mountains Rocky Mountains-Create rain shadows on leeward slopes Himalayas-block moisture to create steppes and deserts in Central Asia

90. Lincoln Memorial