1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Science Section 1 The Nature of Science

2. Directions: Define the key terms on page 5 – science, technology, law, theory, scientific model (11), pure science (8) add the following: biology, ecology, chemistry, physics, geology, meteorology, biochemistry, geophysics, qualitative, quantitative, model

3. How does science take place? Investigation Experimentation Observation Evaluation (test)

4. Branches of Science Directions: Using Fig. 3 on page 7 - Create a tree map titled Branches of Science On your map define – biology, botany, zoology, ecology, physics, chemistry, geology, and meteorology

5. Science and Technology Read p. 8 Science and Technology Work Together The goal of science - to gain knowledge about the natural world The goal of technology – to apply scientific understanding to solve problems Write a paragraph (3-5 sentences)describing one way in which science and technology work together

6. HOMEWORK: Interview someone old enough to have witnessed many technological changes. Ask the person what scientific discoveries have made the biggest difference in his/her life.

7. Scientific Law outcome is always the same following repeated experiments allows predictions to be made about how systems will behave under certain conditions summarizes an observation does not explain how a process takes place Can a scientific law change?

8. Scientific Theory Shows how natural processes work Must explain observations clearly and consistently Experiments must be repeatable A person must be able to predict from a theory – it explains observations Can a theory change?

9. Models Why are models important? List some examples of models. Think of an idea you want to explain to a friend. How can a model help you explain your idea?

10. Section 1 Wrap-up Integrated Science 6 th and 7 th hours – textbook pg. 12 – 1-9 (skip #7) Physical Science – 1 st, 3 rd, and 4 th hours - Page 8 – workbook – 1-5 (skip #2) Complete the section 1 Concept Review (handout) Complete the section 1 Cross-disciplinary worksheet

11. Chapter 1 Section 2 The Way Science Works

12. Scientific Method 1. Observe Observe nature Observe surroundings 2. Formulate a question State what you want to know in the form of a ? 3. Research and Collect Data Educate yourself on your question – Read – Internet – Library – Interview an expert

13. Scientific Method 4. Form a hypothesis An educated guess based on the research and data collected 5. Test hypothesis Perform an experiment 6. Observe Record data – Charts – Videos – Pictures – Graphs

14. Scientific Method 7. Draw Conclusion Was the hypothesis correct? Write in your planner - Scientific Method Quiz – Thursday, August 29

15. Test Hypothesis Control group- A part of the experiment that is not being tested and is used for comparison. Experimental group – the part of the experiment that is being tested. Variable - Any part of an experiment that can change. Independent Variable - The part of the experiment that is manipulated or changed by the scientists or person performing the experiment. The treatment Dependent Variable - The part of the experiment that is affected by the independent variable.

16. Quiz 1.An educated guess based on research and data collected. ____________ 2.After which step do you formulate a question? 3.What do you do to test your hypothesis? 4.List 2 ways to educate yourself on your question. 5.What question do you answer when you draw a conclusion?

17. Directions Turn to page 14 in your book Define the key terms – add the following words to your vocabulary list – telescopes (17), radio telescopes (17), spectroscopes (17), particle accelerators (17) Quantitative and Qualitative data Prefixes

18. Units of Measurement SI units = the International System of Units SI – from French le Système Internationale d’ Unitès Derived units-a combination of 2 or more SI units – example – meters/second or m/s Conversions K H D u d c m Science Skills worksheet – SI Units and Conversions Between Them

19. Section 2 – Wrap-up Complete the section 2 review 1-10 – page 21-copy the questions and answer them Page 19 - Complete the practice conversions 1-4

20. Section 3 Define the following terms: line graph, bar graph, & pie chart Read pages 22-24 (read Pie Graphs show the parts of a whole) do not read “Writing numbers in scientific notation” Pg. 28 – Section Review – complete #1 & 2 only

21. Scientific Notation Scientific notation is simply a method for expressing and working with very large or very small numbers. It is a short hand method for writing numbers and an easy method for calculations.

22. Scientific Notation Numbers in scientific notation are made up of three parts: the coefficient, the base and the exponent. *****There is always only one number to the left of the decimal 4220 = 4.22 x 10³

23. Scientific Notation Positive Exponents If you move the decimal to the left, the exponent is always positive Example: 98,000 = 9.8 x 10 4 Try these: 2,300,000; 3,000,000,000; 498,000,000,000,000

24. Scientific Notation Negative Exponents If you move the decimal to the right, the exponent is always negative Example: 0.000000023 = 2.3 x 10 -8 Try these: 0.000 045; 0.00 000 000 762; 0.00 000 000 000 000 002

25. Practice 234 000 000 = 4 500 000 = 65 000 = 0.00 045 = 0.000 000 000 432 = 0.000 000 333 =

26. More Practice 3400 0.000023 101 000 0.010 45.01 1 000 000 0.00671 4050

27. More Practice 2.30 x 10 4 1.76 x 10 -3 1.901 x 10 -7 8.65 x 10 -1 9.11 x 10 3 5.40 x 10 1 1.76 x 10 0 7.4 x 10 -5

28. Scientific Notation Multiplying and Dividing When you multiply in SN – multiply the coefficients and add the exponents When you divide in SN – divide the coefficients and subtract the exponents

29. Significant Figures What are significant figures? Figures (numbers) used to keep track of the precision of calculations Why use significant figures? 10.54m x 3.30m x 2.78m = 96.69396 m 3 Answer in significant figures = 96.7 m 3

30. Significant Figures Rules For Significant Digits: Digits from 1-9 are always significant. Zeros between two other significant digits are always significant One or more additional zeros to the right of both the decimal place and another significant digit are significant. Zeros used solely for spacing the decimal point (placeholders) are not significant.

32. Section 3 Wrap-Up Complete the section 3 review 3-7 – p. 28 Study for Chapter 1 Test – Friday, 9/13/13

33. Test the hypothesis Control group – the group or individual that does not receive treatment –group used for comparison Experimental group – the group or individual that receives treatment Independent variable – the treatment Dependent variable – the variable that changes due to the treatment

34. Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks. Identify the: 1. Control Group 2. Independent Variable 3. Dependent Variable 4. What should Smithers‘ conclusion be? 5. How could this experiment be improved?

35. Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower. 6. What was the initial observation? Identify the- 7. Control Group 8. Independent Variable 9. Dependent Variable 10. What should Homer's conclusion be?

36. Bart believes that mice exposed to radiowaves will become extra strong (maybe he's been reading too much Radioactive Man). He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice near a radio for 5 hours. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the radiowaved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the other mice were able to do the same. Identify the- 11. Control Group 12. Independent Variable 13. Dependent Variable 14. What should Bart's conclusion be? 15. How could Bart's experiment be improved?

37. Mr. Krabbs wants to make Bikini Bottoms a nicer place to live. He has created a new sauce that he thinks will reduce the production of body gas associated with eating crabby patties from the Krusty Krab. He recruits 100 customers with a history of gas problems. He has 50 of them (Group A) eat crabby patties with the new sauce. The other 50 (Group B) eat crabby patties with sauce that looks just like new sauce but is really just mixture of mayonnaise and food coloring. Both groups were told that they were getting the sauce that would reduce gas production. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, 30 customers in group A reported having fewer gas problems and 8 customers in group B reported having fewer gas problems. Which people are in the control group? What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? What should Mr. Krabs’ conclusion be?

38. Larry was told that a certain muscle cream was the newest best thing on the market and claims to double a person’s muscle power when used as part of a muscle- building workout. Interested in this product, he buys the special muscle cream and recruits Patrick and SpongeBob to help him with an experiment. Larry develops a special marshmallow weight-lifting program for Patrick and SpongeBob. He meets with them once every day for a period of 2 weeks and keeps track of their results. Before each session Patrick’s arms and back are lathered in the muscle cream, while Sponge Bob’s arms and back are lathered with the regular lotion. Which person is in the control group? What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? What should Larry’s conclusion be? TimePatrickSponge Bob initial amt. 18 lbs. 5 lbs. after 1 week 24 lbs. 9 lbs. after 2 weeks 33 lbs. 17 lbs.

39. It was six men of Indostan To learning much inclined, Who went to see the animal (Though all of them were blind), Poem

40. The first approached the animal And happening to fall Against his broad and sturdy side, At one began to bawl: “God bless me! But the animal Is very like a wall!”

41. The second, Cried, “Ho! What have we here So very round and smooth and sharp? To me ‘tis mighty clear This wonder of an animal Is very like a spear!”

42. The third approached the animal, And happening to take A large tubular part within his hands, Thus boldly up and spake: “I see,” quoth he, “the animal is very like a snake.”

43. The fourth reached out an eager hand, And felt about the knee, “What most this wondrous beast is like Is mighty plain,” quoth he: “tis clear enough the aminal Is very like a tree.”

44. The fifth, who chanced to touch the ear, Said. ”even the blindest man Can tell what this resembles most: Deny the fact who can, This marvel of an animal Is very like a fan!”

45. The sixth no sooner had begun About the beast to grope, Then, seizing on the swinging tail That fell within his scope, “I see,” quoth he, “the animal Is very like a rope.”

46. And so these men of Indostan Disputed loud and long. Each in his own opinion Exceeding stiff and strong, Though each was partly in the right, And all were in the wrong!

47. An Elephant!