1. 4 Chapter 4 Earth ’ s Resources, Energy, and Human Impact

2. Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Energy and Mineral Resources  Renewable resources can be replenished over fairly short spans of time, such as months, years, or decades.  Nonrenewable resources take millions of years to form and accumulate.

3. Forms of Energy

4. What are the source of all energy? The main sources of energy are the sun and earths interior (through radioactive decay). There are multiple and diverse ways that humans have manipulated energy sources

5. Generators and Power plants Generators are in every power plant in the world. Physically converts potential energy (moving water, wind, heat) into mechanical (movement) energy by using magnets. Moves electrons; this is known as electricity.

6. Hydroelectric Power Energy Sources  The strong water flow that results drives turbines and electric GENERATORS.  The water held in a reservoir behind a dam is a form of stored energy that can be released through the dam to produce electric power.  Hydroelectric power is the power generated by falling water.

7. Glen Canyon Dam

8. Tidal Power Energy Sources  Tidal power is harnessed by constructing a dam across the mouth of a bay or an estuary in coastal areas.  The strong in-and-out flow of tidal water drives turbines and electric GENERATORS.

9. Tidal Dams

10. Hydro & Tidal and their impacts. Clean sources of energy with no carbon emissions Uses natural processes in collection of mechanical energy Not highly efficient; the costs are often greater than the energy that is produced Restricted by geography –Tidal and Hydro rely on a source of water with specific properties

11. Wind Energy Energy Sources  The energy in the wind turns two or three propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main shaft, which spins a ????????? to create electricity.  In the next 50 to 60 years, wind power could meet between 5 to 10 percent of the country’s demand for electricity.

12. Wind Turbines

13. San Gorgonio Pass

14. Nuclear Energy Energy Sources  In nuclear fission, the nuclei of heavy atoms such as uranium-235 are bombarded with neutrons.  The uranium nuclei split into smaller nuclei and emit neutrons and heat energy.  The heat energy is used to convert water to steam that is used to turn a ????????.  Requires a large amount of water

15. Palo Verde Nuclear Plant

16. Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant

17. Nuclear Energy Fission vs. Fusion Fusion: Fission: Core of Stars Nuclear Power Plants & Earth Core

18. Solar Energy Energy Sources 1. Solar energy’s “fuel” is free.  Solar energy has two advantages: 2. Solar energy is non-polluting.  Solar energy does NOT use a GENERATOR to create power.

19. Future of Solar in Arizona Arizona has over 300 days of sunlight per year If every house in Phoenix were equipped with solar panels, it would be enough for the entire state + Las Vegas

20. Biofuel Uses newly fixed carbon (by using microorganisms) to make fuel for combustion 2 major types, and a 3 rd in development –Ethanol Made from the fermentation of corn –Biodiesel Made from oil; both plant and waste from restaurants –Advanced Biofuels Still being developed but will use algae to make carbon-based byproducts

21. Drawbacks of Biofuels MAJOR use of resources to grow food for fuel –Water –Electrical energy –Petroleum based fertilizers –Land use (could be used for food or animals)

22. Wind, Nuclear, Solar, and Biofuel Energy and their impacts. Wind has very few disadvantages –You need high sustained winds –It takes up large amounts of space –It does not produce a high amount of energy per turbine Nuclear has its issues but creates a large amount of energy –It makes highly dangerous radioactive waste –The waste is difficult to store and lasts a very long time –It takes a massive amount of water to operate

23. Wind, Nuclear, Solar, and Biofuel Energy and their impacts. Solar has its own set of drawbacks –Takes land to make large power plants (can be put on top of buildings) –Not a high amount of energy per solar panel Biofuel has mixed reviews… –It uses a resource that is renewable…but… –It produces carbon emissions –It takes a high amount of resources such as land and water to produce

24. Fossil Fuels What is a fossil fuel? How are they made? What do you think are advantages/disadvantages of using fossil fuels as energy?

25. Fossil Fuels Energy and Mineral Resources  Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons that may be used as fuel, including coal, oil, and natural gas.

26. Coal Known to make heat and energy for hundreds of years Has one of the largest amounts of available energy per pound of material Coal Power Plant Navajo Generating Station Where does Flagstaff’s power come from? There are 7 coal plants mostly in Northern/Eastern Arizona

28. Fossil Fuels and their impacts. Fossil fuels are a finite resource –Once they are gone, they are gone! They produce a large amount of carbon emissions –One of the leading causes of global climate change They must be physically removed from the ground –HUGE environmental impacts They are unevenly distributed throughout the world –Why does the United States care what happens in the Middle East?

29. Closure What are examples of non- renewable resources?

30. Closure What are examples of non- renewable resources? PETROLEUM (OIL), COAL, NATURAL GAS, NUCLEAR ENERGY

31. House Construction Project Day 1 This project will encompass nearly the rest of the entire semester. With each new topic you will be applying this information to your sustainable home. First comes energy resources Today’s Objective: please select an energy source (solar, wind, hydroelectric, etc.) and explain in 5 sentences why you chose that source to power your home. Is it renewable or nonrenewable?

32. Resource Device Brainstorm Sign out an iPad *Remember no pictures Use current events to design your own resource innovation prototype. You will be marketing your prototype so you will be creating an “ad” for your device (include a device name, company name and slogan). It has to conserve a resource. You will have to explain how it conserves that resources.

33. Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases: –The two main green house gases are water vapor and carbon dioxide (Products of combustion reaction). –These gases then absorb Earth’s radiation, this is how the Earth is able to stay warm enough to sustain life, they act as an insulator or blanket around the Earth.

34. Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect is the natural warming of both Earth’s lower atmosphere and Earth’s surface due to the greenhouse gases. What will happen if we increase greenhouse? gases?

35. Greenhouse Effect Carbon dioxide levels have been increasing.

36. Global Climate Change Since the Carbon Dioxide and other greenhouse gas levels have been increasing, global temperatures have also increased. Our atmosphere has essentially become a better more efficient blanket, increase global temperature. This is known as Global Climate Change.

37. The Isle of Navitas: Planning For Energy Use We will be completing a multiple day activity in which you will analyze energy resources for a province on the Isle of Navitas in assigned groups of 4. –Each group will be assigned a Province to explore and analyze.

38. Planning for Energy Use Move into desk pods –Each pod should have a 4 white board and 4 markers. What factors must be put into consideration when planning for efficient energy policy? –Board 1: List factors –Board 2-4: Pick a factor and expand on what needs to be considered. –Hint: Think about issues such as production costs, transportation, and environmental impacts.

39. The Isle of Navitas: Planning For Energy Use Now that you have analyzed energy resources for your assigned province. Your group will then develop an energy policy that will provide sufficient power for a province while minimizing the environmental impact and a presentation of your proposed ideas.

40. The Isle of Navitas: Planning For Energy Use Performance Task Your Task: 1.Write an Energy Policy statement for your province. 2.Create a short presentation of your energy policy statement that will be given at the Isle of Navitas Energy Summit meeting. 3.Present your energy policy to the Isle of Navitas Energy Committee (the class) at the Energy Summit meeting.