2. Unit Two: Population Geo

3. Population Terms Demography: the study of population data Overpopulation: when resources cannot support the pop Density: how many per area

4. Tokyo: Overpopulated or Overcrowded?

5. Demography F Social, economic, or political characteristics

6. Population Growth 0 ~200 Million People 1800 1 Billion 1900 1.6 Bill 1950 3.0 Bill 20006.0 Bill 20117.0 Bill

8. World 7,005,691,234 11:42 UTC (EST+5) Apr 08, 2012 TOP TEN COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST POPULATION #Country 2011 Population 2050 Expected Pop. 1China1,336,718,015 1,303,723,332 2India1,189,172,906 1,656,553,632 3United States313,232,044 439,010,253 4Indonesia245,613,043 313,020,847 5Brazil203,429,773 260,692,493 6Pakistan187,342,721 276,428,758 7Bangladesh158,570,535 233,587,279 8Nigeria155,215,573 264,262,405 9Russia138,739,892 109,187,353 10Japan126,475,664 93,673,826

9. Pop Distribution: Descriptions of locations where people live

10. Countries are displayed by size of population rather than land area. Countries named have at least 50 million people.

11. World Population Clusters 66% clustered in four regions: 1. East Asia 25% (China, Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan) 2. South Asia 20% (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) 3.Europe (concentrated in cities) 4. North America (megalopolis of “Bowash”)

12. Ecumene: F portion of Earth’s surface inhabitable for people F We occupy less than 20% of Earth’s surface

13. Population Distribution F Densely populated regions –Low lands –Fertile soil –Temperate climate F Sparsely Populated Regions –dry lands –wet lands –high lands –cold lands

14. Density F Arithmetic Density F Physiological Density F Agricultural Density

15. Arithmetic Density: total # of people per land area

16.  Arithmetic Density: The total number of people / area of land measured in km² or mi²

17. Crude density, also called arithmetic density, is the total number of people divided by the total land area.

18. Physiological (Agricultural) Density: # of people per unit of arable land (suitable for agriculture )

19. Physiological Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land

20. EGYPT Egypt’s arable lands are along the Nile River Valley. Moving away from the river a few blocks, the land becomes sandy and wind-sculpted. Arithmetic Density= 192 people/ sq.mi. Physiological Density= 6,682 people/sq. mi.

21. Egypt’s population distribution is closely linked to the proximity of water. In the north, the population clusters along the Mediterranean and in the interior, along the banks of the Nile River. (2004)

22. World Pop Growth: birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural increase (r)

24. Population Characteristics Crude Birth Rate: # of births in a year per 1,000 people Crude Birth Rate = Births in a year 1000 people

25. Crude Birth Rate : The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people

26. Population Characteristics Crude Death Rate : # of deaths in a year per 1,000 people Crude Death Rate = Deaths in a year 1000 people

27. Crude Death Rate : The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

28. Population Characteristics Natural Increase: % growth of pop in a year –DOEST NOT INCLUDE MIGRATION

29. Natural Increase: The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

30. Natural Increase F USA RNI: 0.6% F Nepal's RNI: 2.4% F Implication???

31. Population Characteristics Doubling Time: # of years to double… *rule of 70: Doubling = 70/x x = % change 10% change…doubling is 70/10= 7 years

33. Population Characteristics Total Fertility Rate (TFR): # of births per women of childbearing age TFR of 2.1 TFR of 2.1 = “ZPG” (zero pop growth) Infant Mortality Rate: # of deaths under age 1

34. Infant Mortality Rate: - the number of deaths of children under the age of 1

35. Population Characteristics Life Expectancy: # of years to live Life Expectancy at Birth (2003) Men Women US 74 80 Japan 78 85 Nepal 59 58 Kenya 46 46 France 76 83

36. F Life Expectancy : The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

37. A Population Bomb? Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) - “father” of pop geo - stated pop grows faster than resources - lower CBR or global famine, war, disease

38. “Neo-Malthusians” 1.Pop “explosion” due to medical revolution 2.“stripping” world of resources F Paul Ehrlich (1960s) –warned of pop bomb in 1970s

40. “Cornucopians” Critics of Malthus: “Cornucopians” 1. cultural “possibilism” 2. Technology More people = more consumers, more creativity “Cornucopian” S-curve

41. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL DTM: change in pop. due to industrialization; better economy = less kids! (designed for W. Europe)

42. DTM- Stage 1 F High CBR –Agricultural F High Death Rate –Epidemics F Stationary growth…no country today

43. DTM- Stage 2 F High Birth Rate F Declining Death Rate u agri. improvements u medicine F High growth F Today: poor undeveloped; Sub- Saharan African

44. DTM- Stage 3 F Declining Birth Rate –wealth –education; contraceptives F Low Death Rate F Slowing down F Today: Mexico, South Africa, China

45. DTM- Stage 4 F Low Birth Rate –women in workforce F Low Death Rate F Stationary Growth F highly industrialized: U.S., U.K., France

46. Stage 5??? Pop “Implosion”

48. Dependency Ratio: # of people non workers (aged 0-14 /65+) relative to workers (15-64).

49. Population Pyramids F “Age-Sex” F stage in DTM gives country’s pop structure

50. DevelopingDeveloping Developed (poor) (Mexico, Brazil China) (rich)

51. Rapid Growth F stage 2 of DTM F Large # of young, less older

52. Slow Growth F stage 4 of DTM F “Aging population” F less young

53. NO GROWTH F End of stage 4/stage 5

54. Pop Pyramids Of U.S. Cities

55. **How many points for essay?

56. Epidemiological Transition Model F Stages of the “medical revolution”

57. AIDS/HIV+

58. Pro-growth Policies F Communism –USSR –China: Mao Zedong (“every mouth to feed comes w/ 2 hands”) F Europe NOW –tax breaks, cash to have kids

59. Restrictive Policies “One-child” policy China: “One-child” policy - male preference for kids…many baby girls aborted or abandoned)

60. Solutions to Pop Growth F Empowerment of Women –Education –Changing cultural norms to value girls F Birth Control Policies