1. The Victorian Period 1833-1901 By Dr. Carter

2. Queen Victoria One of England’s powerful, long-reigning queens who support social moral standards. Married Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, had nine children

3. Age of Reform Reform Bills - 1832, 1867, 1884-85 Slavery abolished - 1833 Repeal of Corn Laws - 1846 Other reforms: public education women’s education established work week for women & children

4. Age of Imperialism Opium Wars (1839-42) Crimean War (1853-56) Indian Mutiny (1857-58) Boer War (1899-1902) Acquisitions: Afghanistan, Botswana, Burma, Egypt, Gambia, Hong Kong, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Nigeria, Singapore, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, and Zimbabwe

5. Age of Controversy science v. sentimentalism complacency v. reform faith v. skepticism birth of: evolution socialism psychology

6. Age of Literature Romanticism (cont.) Realism Naturalism Pre-Raphaelites

7. Alfred, Lord Tennyson Poet Laureate in 1850, after Wordsworth’s death Continues in the Romantic tradition Made a baron for his literary achievement

8. Robert Browning Largely self-educated Married to Elizabeth Barret Browning, who was better known Reinvented the “dramatic monologue” Interest in psychology, esp. aberrant

9. Elizabeth Barrett Browning father a slaver classically educated suffered from tuberculosis proposed to Tennyson and Browning (whom she had never met) in published poetry opium addict very popular poet & novelist

10. Charles Dickens Born in poverty: debtor’s prison and child labor Journalist & student of human nature Social criticism and reform Most successful novelist of his day Long novels published in serial format

11. Matthew Arnold Social reformer & public servant Success as poet in midlife Interest in the relationship between the individual and society Social and cultural critic Criticized the weaknesses of Victorian “success”

12. Gerard Manley Hopkins Upper middle-class Anglican background Strong religious feelings: became a Jesuit Verse celebrates religious faith, but also “contradicts” it Verse form: “sprung” rhythm

13. A.E. Housman Personal tragedies in youth Public servant and scholar Little known in his day Poems have dark, emotional themes