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Week Two CIED 4013 Language History and Change. Indo-European Language Family ie/ie3.pdfhttp://www.danshort.com/ ie/ie3.pdf.

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Presentation on theme: "Week Two CIED 4013 Language History and Change. Indo-European Language Family ie/ie3.pdfhttp://www.danshort.com/ ie/ie3.pdf."— Presentation transcript:

1 Week Two CIED 4013 Language History and Change

2 Indo-European Language Family http://www.danshort.com/ ie/ie3.pdfhttp://www.danshort.com/ ie/ie3.pdf

3 Some Facts 6909 languages (2012) 993 living languages in the Americas Rank: Chinese, Spanish, English, Arabic, Hindi

4 Language Affinities Jones inaugurated the study of the natural history of language. Tooth CaseSanskritLatin NomDánDēns GenDatasDentis DatDatéDentī AccDántamDentem

5 Language Reconstruction http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=blDM-ibezJQhttp://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=blDM-ibezJQ Cognates Comparative Reconstruction Proto form Majority principle Most natural development principle Sound & word reconstruction

6 From Old to Modern http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=rexKqvgPVuAhttp://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=rexKqvgPVuA Old? Before 1100 Middle: To 1500 Early Modern: to 1700 (great vowel shift) Modern: up to NOW

7 And More Changes Sound Changes Sound loss –nicht to night Metathesis—bridd to bird Epenthesis—parabola to palabra Prothesis—schola to escuela

8 Syntactic changes SVO –word order Inflectional changes—loss of suffixes Semantic changes Broadening—holy day to holiday Narrowing—mete to meat

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