1. It’s Tuesday! Turn in Signed Essays and Progress Reports Group E- “Hand Out” graded work from the Hand Out bin Work on T-Cap Tuesday (the question is on the sheet!) GHANA, MALI, AND SONGHAI NOTES Get out paper for notes and label “Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Notes Day 1” Have Timeline and Important People sheets handy.

2. Trade and the Ghana Empire Soninke people were the first to work with iron so had iron swords and spears while enemies had wooden clubs, first to experience labor specialization, and iron also helped them better mine gold. 300s A.D.-Introduction of camels to the Trans- Saharan trade; made trade across the Sahara desert easier Northern traders had plenty of salt from the ancient sea beds in the Sahara but needed gold for their currency Ghana had plenty of gold but did not have any salt, so trade started their empire around 500

4. Things to Ponder Read question, write answer down, and then write classes answer. (Odds) How would being first with iron and labor specialization help create an empire? (Evens) What other things besides salt are the NORTH AFRICAN traders going to bring with them?

5. The Growth and Fall of the Ghana Empire. Ghana kings grew wealthy from the trade because declared any gold out of ground the king’s, withholding from the trade market. Conquered peoples paid tribute to king Traders brought Islam and written Arabic language. Ghana kept traditional religions but tolerant of Muslims and used their government system Fell because of overpopulation, food shortages and overdependence on trade.

6. Think, Pair, Share Read question, think of answer, and when prompted share with group. Write down classes’ answer How can an overdependence of trade cause an empire to fall?

7. The Growth and Decline of the Mali Empire 1235- Mali Empire formed where Ghana was, led by Sundiata Organized powerful army, expanded empire, reestablished and expanded trade, developed Timbuktu, combined Islamic beliefs with his traditional beliefs. 1312- Mansa Musa in power (talk more about him later; yeah he is that important) After Musa, sons argued who would rule, weakened empire, nomads took Timbuktu, and by 1500 no more empire.

9. Things to Ponder Read the question, write answer, then write classes’ answer. Compare and Contrast the Ghana Kingdom with the Mali Kingdom

10. Final Thought THESE KINGDOMS HAD SO MUCH GOLD THAT THEY MADE GOLD COLLARS FOR THEIR DOGS. IF YOU HAD THAT MUCH GOLD, WHAT WOULD YOU DO WITH IT?

11. Work on Wordy Wednesday Turn in late signed progress reports Turn in early Test corrections. MANSA MUSA WORKSHEET Group E Hand out graded work please!

14. Its Friday! What is one good thing that happened to you this week? FINAL THOUGHT

15. Work on Throwback Thursday Turn in last progress reports Turn in early Test Corrections Get out paper and label “Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Notes Day 2” GHANA, MALI, AND SONGHAI NOTES

16. The Beginning of Songhai 1365-Songhai city of Gao declared independence from Mali, starting Songhai Kingdom. 1464 Ali-Ber is king and was great military leader with mounted warriors, fleet of war canoes. 1468-regained Timbuktu and captured trading city of Djenne

18. Things to Ponder Read the question, write answer, then write classes’ answer. Now that Songhai controlled two major trading cities, what will be the affects of that ownership?

19. Askia Muhammad He was successful military leader but even better administrator Business ran smoothly because people were trained in finance, agriculture, army and navy. Divided empire into provinces and put a governor in charge of each province. Organized a tax system.

20. Think Pair Share Read the question, think of your answer, and when prompted, share with your group, then write classes’ answer. Which leader type would be better to have? A good military leader or a good administrative leader? Explain why.

21. More about Askia and after him He also strengthened Islam’s influnce Appointed Muslim judges to enforce Islam laws, which were written in Arabic Scholars learned to read and write in Arabic. Scholars converted to Islam but rural areas blended Islamic beliefs with traditional. When Askia died, sons competed for rule, weakened empire and it ended in 1591 when Moroccan soldiers invaded.

22. Let’s Get Artistic and Creative From copy paper, draw 3 pictures, one to represent each of the African Kingdoms we learned, which are Ghana Mali Songhai

23. FINAL THOUGHT