1. Construction Foundations of Technology Construction © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology Teacher Resource – Unit 3 Lesson 3

2. The BIG Idea Big Idea: Construction is the systematic process of erecting structures that meet human needs while following specific processes and using available resources. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

3. Infrastructure Infrastructure is the basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society. Examples: Transportation and communications systems Water and power lines Public institutions including schools, post offices, and prisons © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

4. Construction Types There are two types of general construction: Residential – construction associated with a home or dwelling; must meet local building codes and regulations. Commercial – construction associated with building of or the repair of a site by hiring commercial construction service providers. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

5. Building Permits are required for any new construction and adding to a pre-existing structure or major renovation. Building Codes are rules that set a minimum standard for construction and help to define things like safety, public health, occupancy, etc… Prior to construction the builder needs to research local, state and national building codes. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology Stages of Construction

6. All construction projects include various phases: Preparing to Build – includes all aspects of scheduling a construction project Determining the style and type of structure you want to build, and identifying the builder Securing a construction loan and a site to build Establishing a building process Acquiring all permits and access to utilities © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

7. Stages of Construction All construction projects include various phases: Preparing the Site – includes the various aspects of preparing the site Clearing all trees, rocks, or debris Leveling the site Preparing to build the foundation © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

8. Stages of Construction All construction projects include various phases: Setting the Foundation – the lowest support layer of a structure Slab foundation – a flat concrete pad poured on the ground Basement – a structure that is partially or completely underground Crawl Space – a type of basement that is not also used as a living space © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

9. Stages of Construction All construction projects include various phases: Building the Framework – includes the various aspects of framing the floor(s), walls, and roof Building the floor(s) Framing the walls Framing the roof © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

10. Stages of Construction All construction projects include various phases: Enclosing the Structure – involves the various aspects of enclosing the structure Installing exterior wrap/sheathing Installing windows and doors Installing the roof system © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

11. Stages of Construction All construction projects include various phases: Installing Utilities – includes the various aspects of installing electric, plumbing, and insulation Install rough plumbing Install rough electric Install insulation © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

12. Stages of Construction All construction projects include various phases: Finishing the Exterior – completing the exterior surface of the building Installing brick, mortar, trim, siding as appropriate © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

13. Stages of Construction All construction projects include various phases: Completing the Site – includes the various aspects of heating/ventilation, drywall, trim, flooring, finishing the kitchen, etc… Install drywall, flooring, cabinets, counters, appliances Finish electric and plumbing Landscaping, building sidewalks, driveways, etc… © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

14. Floor Plan Basics A floor plan is a scale drawing that shows the relationship between rooms and other physical features in a building. Typically a floor plan is drawn as if viewing the room/space from above. When drawing a floor plan, the designer should consider: Flow from room to room Exterior features of the building, views, etc… The needs of who will occupy the space © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

15. Many designers/architects begin a floor plan by drawing a bubble diagram, and then the floor plan. Floor Plan Basics © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology Living Room Kitchen Bath Stairs Bedroom

16. Types of Structures There are several types of structures: Wood frame Straw bale Structural insulating panels Insulating concrete Forms Adobe/Cob Earthship © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

17. Types of Structures There are several types of structures: Wood frame – uses standardized dimensional lumber as the structural elements for construction © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

18. Types of Structures There are several types of structures: Straw bale – uses bales of straw as the structural elements for construction © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

19. Types of Structures There are several types of structures: Structural insulating panels – uses a polymer sandwiched between two layers of boards as the structural elements for construction © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

20. Types of Structures There are several types of structures: Insulating concrete forms – uses a system of reinforced concrete as the structural elements for construction © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

21. Types of Structures There are several types of structures: Adobe/Cob – uses bricks formed from sand, clay, and other organic material like straw or manure as the structural elements for construction. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

22. Types of Structures There are several types of structures: Earthship – typically uses some type of natural or recycled material as the structural elements for construction © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology