2. ‘No smoking, food or beverages permitted in the clinic’ = ‘ No smoking, food or beverages permitted in the clinic ’ = + Commas can change the meaning of your sentence or phrase: (there are no commas between the three items )

3. Exercises Carlos wants to visit Paris Italy Germany and China. My favourite colours are blue red and silver. I like to go hiking fishing swimming and camping during summer. I have to clean my room walk the dog and take out the trash. The tree is very tall old and green. I need to visit my grandmother wash my car and buy six stamps. He wants a big house a fast car and an indoor swimming pool.

4. 3. Use a comma to separate an introductory element from the rest of the sentence.

5. Unfortunately we don’t have enough time. Yes I’ll let him know. However I can meet you tomorrow. Well I hope you feel better soon. Wow that was brilliant! Thanks I really appreciate it.

6. Examples: I live in Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. Last year, she moved to Paris, France. Exercises  They are going on holiday to Florence Italy.  Jo moved to Barnsley South Yorkshire.  The hurricanes hit Tulsa Oklahoma and Destin Florida in the United States.

7. Example: Today is Monday, 19 th October, 2015.  Exercises  Halloween will be on Saturday 31 st October.  Marilyn Monroe was born on June 1 st 1926.  In 2016, Eid ul Fitr will fall on Wednesday 6 th July.

9. For instance, if you have several brothers and want to say which one you are talking about, you don’t need to add a comma: My brother John paid for our meal. If you write, “My brother, John, paid for the meal”, you are saying that you only have one brother (John), so his name is simply an extra detail. Similarly, if you write, “The film Titanic was nominated for various Oscars” (without inserting commas before and after ‘Titanic’), you are singling out Titanic as the film that received the Oscar nominations.

10. The car a red Ford Fiesta was found abandoned on wasteland. She and her best friend Amy went shopping in Leeds. I am reading one of my favourite books To Kill a Mockingbird at college. Jo an NHS ward nurse works long shifts. Jupiter the largest planet in our solar system is made of gas.

11. Examples: “I’m going home,” Jess announced. Sara asked, “Why? I thought you planned to stay out until late.” Exercises “I’m so tired” he sighed. “Listen” he whispered. “Somebody is following us!” Over the noise, Snape said "And a point will be taken from Gryffindor house for your cheek, Potter.” Chris said softly, with great regret “Where do you want it, Ace? Arm or leg?

12. Examples “Stick with me, Gordie. Stick with me, man.” “Adam, what did you think of the film?” “Is his leg broken, Doctor?” Exercises “Everyone can I have your attention?” “Lena are you ready yet?” "Harry we want to help you!" Luna whispered. "Go both of you!

13. NB It is also acceptable to leave out the commas in this instance 2. Use a comma to separate a dependent clause from the main clause (remember that the main clause would still make sense on its own, but a dependent clause needs the rest of the sentence in order to make sense.) Exercises In five minutes the building will close. When I get home I will watch my favourite TV show. If a get that new job I will be very happy. On his eleventh birthday Harry received a letter from Hogwarts School. After work my friend and I are going out for a Chinese meal. Because the weather is warm we will go to the beach.