1. Kidney and Osmoregulation 11.3

2. Animals are either osmoregulators or osmoconformers What is osmolarity? A. The solute concentration of a solution. Define and give examples of osmoregulators. a. Organisms that maintain a stable internal solute concentration. Ex. All terrestrial animals, freshwater animals, Define and give an example of osmoconformers. a. Internal solute concentration is the same as the environments. Ex. Marine invertebrates

3. The Malpighian tubule system in insects and the kidney carry out osmoregulation and removal of nitrogenous waste What is hemolymph? a. Circulating fluid in arthropods that has characteristics of tissue fluid and blood. What is osmoregulation? a. Process by which hemolymph or blood is kept within a certain range. What is the waste product in insects? Humans? a. Insects- uric acid, humans- urea What are Malpighian tubules and what do they do? a. Tubes that branch of the intestinal tract. They transport ions, uric acid and water to the gut. b. Water and salts are reabsorbed.

5. The composition of blood in the renal artery is different from that in the renal vein. What is the job of the human kidney? a. Removal of substances in the blood that are not needed or harmful. Which direction does the renal artery carry blood? What substances are present in higher concentrations in the renal artery? a. Towards the kidney. Toxins, excretory waste products, excess water and salt. Which direction does the renal vein carry blood? How is blood in the renal vein different than the renal artery? a. Away from the kidney. Blood is deoxygenated and has more carbon dioxide. How are problems with kidney function diagnosed? a. Presence of plasma proteins indicates abnormal function.