1. Human Blood Groups Anatomy and Physiology

2. Blood Transfusions Loss of blood leads to constriction and cell formation Loss of 15-30% leads to pallor and weakness Loss of over 30% leads to shock/fatal Transfusion can restore blood volume –Blood needs to be the proper type

3. Human Blood Groups RBC membranes have antigen proteins –Cell identification markers –Antibodies recognize the antigens –Cells agglutinate (clump up) May clog small vessels –Antibodies destroy cells releasing hemoglobin Leads to kidney damage ABO and Rh groups the most reactive –Out of 30 antigens

4. ABO Blood Groups Based on 2 antigens –A and B –One inherited from each parent –AA and A_ type A –BB and B_ type B –AB type AB –Neither type O One has the opposite antibodies to the antigens on their cells

5. Rh Blood Groups A different antigen on the RBC –If it is present + not then – Anti Rh antibodies not automatic –Rh – people have to develop immunity to Rh+ –Second transfusion will cause immune response Important to Rh- moms with Rh+ fetus –Second + baby could be attacked Hemolytic disease of the newborn

6. Blood Typing Important for both donor and recipient Agglutination test Eldon Cards –Anti A –Anti B –Anti D(Rh) –Control