2. RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT CSIR – CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE In-House Review and Research Planning, 19 th -22 nd March 2012 M. B. Mochiah Plant Protection (Entomology Section)

3. PROJECT 1 START DATE: 2006 ESTIMATED DURATION: 6 Years (Ending - 2012) SPONSORS: USAID through Peanut CRSP and Ghana Government PROJECT 1 Integrated Pest Management in Groundnut START DATE: 2006 ESTIMATED DURATION: 6 Years (Ending - 2012) SPONSORS: USAID through Peanut CRSP and Ghana Government

4. Research Team M. Owusu-AkyawEntomologistM. Owusu-AkyawEntomologist M.B. Mochiah EntomologistM.B. Mochiah Entomologist G. Bolfrey-Arku Weed ScientistG. Bolfrey-Arku Weed Scientist K. OseiNematologistK. OseiNematologist J. N. L. LampteyVirologistJ. N. L. LampteyVirologist B. W. AmoabengAssistant EntomologistB. W. AmoabengAssistant Entomologist H. BraimahEntomologistH. BraimahEntomologist I. AdamaEntomologistI. AdamaEntomologist K.O. FeningEntomologistK.O. FeningEntomologist H. AsumaduAgronomistH. AsumaduAgronomist A. A. DankyiSocio-economistA. A. DankyiSocio-economist

5. Mr. Anthony GyimahCTO Mr. Augustine AgyekumSTO Mr. Douglas AntwiTechnician National Service PersonnelEnto. Section

6. COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS: Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), TamaleSavanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Tamale North Carolina State University (NCSU), USA North Carolina State University (NCSU), USA Main Activities for 2011 (i) Evaluated selected groundnut lines for resistance to arthropod pests, weeds and diseases for possible variety release (ii)Distributed groundnut and sheanut shellers for use by farmers

7. Evaluation of selected groundnut lines for resistance to pests, weeds and diseases METHODOLOGY: ) exhibiting various levels of resistance to soil arthropods, viruses, nematodes, fungal pathogens and weeds were selected from previous studiesFive groundnut lines (ICG (X) SM – 87057, RRR – ICGU 88709, RRR – MR – 8 – 16, F – MIX (X) ICG (FDRS) -20 -1 – 45 and GK 7 High Oleic) exhibiting various levels of resistance to soil arthropods, viruses, nematodes, fungal pathogens and weeds were selected from previous studies Adepa and Konkoma, a released-rosette- resistant groundnut variety and a local pests and diseases – susceptible cultivars were used as standards.Adepa and Konkoma, a released-rosette- resistant groundnut variety and a local pests and diseases – susceptible cultivars were used as standards. They were planted in the major season of 2011 at Kwadaso and Fumesua, Kumasi (forest zone).They were planted in the major season of 2011 at Kwadaso and Fumesua, Kumasi (forest zone). The lines and check materials were randomized completely in each of three blocks.The lines and check materials were randomized completely in each of three blocks. Similar evaluation were done at Pepease at Kwahu, Eastern region.Similar evaluation were done at Pepease at Kwahu, Eastern region. Initial inspection by the variety release committeeInitial inspection by the variety release committee

8. Grain yields of Groundnut lines/Varieties planted in the major season of 2011 at Kwadaso Groundnut line/VarietyMean yield (Kg/ha) ADEPA (Released variety)-Check1886.68 ± 20.37b F -MIX (X) ICG (FDRS) -20 -1- 451893.01 ± 18.42b GK7 HIGH OLEIC1869.13 ± 21.68b ICG (X) SM – 870572165.72 ± 29.49a RRR – MR – 8 – 161916.03 ± 25.09b RRR – ICGU 887091916.09 ± 16.88b KONKOMA (local variety)-Check1465.46 ± 11.01c F-value95.47 P0.0001 Means within the same column did not differ significantly from each other at P > 0.05; SAS, PROC GLM. Means separation was performed using Student Neuman Keul’s (SNK) test.

9. Distribution of groundnut and sheanut shellers for use by farmers Distribution of groundnut and sheanut shellers for use by farmers METHODOLOGY: Thirty groundnut and sheanut shellers were fabricated by CSIR-CRI mechanics for distribution to groundnut IPM FF School farmers at Ejura- Sekyedumasi district (in Ashanti region), Atebubu and Derma, all in Brong Ahafo region and Somaya in Eastern region. Some of the shellers were distributed in 2010. During the reporting period in 2011 Two of the shellers were sent to groundnut IPM lead scientist at SARI for demonstration to groundnut farmers in Northern Ghana. One each was sent to IPM farmers at Kwahu Pepease (Eastern region) Boyon, Kasei near Ejura, and Atebubu.

10. Groundnut and sheanut shellers fabricated by CSIR-CRI mechanics at the transport section

11. RESULTS ACHIEVED SO FAR So far no feedback has been received from the lead scientist in SARI Recipient farmers in the other areas have found the shellers very useful. PLANS FOR COMMERCIALIZATION More of the shellers would be fabricated and sold to interested farmers and industrialists.

12. The way forward Continuation of evaluation of the 5 groundnut lines for final release of some varieties Expansion of FFS to other areas e.g. Drobonso, near Kumawu, possibly North Danyi district in Volta region Aflatoxin studies in collaboration with KNUST

13. PROJECT 2 SURVEY TO DOCUMENT INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF INSECT PESTS OF ROOT AND TUBER CROPS

14. Research Team Dr. M. B. MochiahEntomologist Dr. M. Owusu-AkyawEntomologist Dr. K. O. FeningEntomologist Mr. B. W. AmoabengEntomologist Dr. J. N. L. LampteyVirologist Mr. A. AgyekumTechnician

15. FUNDING: WAAPP Date of start: 2010 Date of completion: 2012

16. Background/Justification In Ghana major arthropod pest which attack cassava are variegated grasshoppers, cassava green mites (CGM) and cassava mealy bugs. The area infested by CGM in West Africa has been estimated at about 1 817 000 km 2 across Bénin, Cameroon, Ghana, and Nigeria (Coulibaly et al., 2004) causing major yield losses and affecting both the quality and the quantity of cassava planting materials (Alene et al., 2005). Releases of biological control agents have already been made that has contributed successfully to control mealy bugs (Bellotti, 2002) and cassava green mites (Yanineck et al., 1993). Following these releases in 1990, reduction in mealybug damage was seen in the first season and full control was typically achieved within 2-4 years (Herren and Neuenschwander 1991; Neuenschwander 2001). For a span period of 20 years, there are still reported cases of these insects attaining pest status causing yield loss ranging from 30-80% depending on variety, cultural practices and local agro-ecological conditions. In order to define the pest status of these insects it is important to conduct periodic surveys.

17. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES To document the incidence, severity and spread of major arthropod pests of root and tuber crops in major production areas of Brong Ahafo and Ashanti regions of Ghana To provide an early warning systems for pest situations To liaise with breeders for the development of improved varieties

18. Surveys: Started in 2010 and continued in 2011. Covered some districts of Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions where cassava and yams are cultivated Point’s data such as latitudes, longitudes and elevations (metres above sea level) were recorded using the GARMIN’s e Trex personal navigator (GPS) General examinations were done on 30 cassava/yam plants selected from each farm visited using the random walk method. Insect infestations on plants were recorded Damage symptoms were scored on a scale of 1-5.METHODOLODY

19. Fig. 1: Map of Ghana indicating locations where cassava and yams farms were sampled

20. Major insects pests documented On cassava variegated grasshoppers (Zonocerus variegatus L) Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) Cassava green mites (Mononychellus tanajoa Bondar) Mealy bugs (Phenacoccus manihoti (Mat. Fer.) Spiraling whitefly (Aleuridiccus spp.) On yam Unidentified leaf feeders Spiraling whiteflies Bemisia tabaci

21. Bemisia Whiteflies Spiraling whiteflies Mealy bugsGrasshopper Insect pests of cassava

22. CONCLUSIONS AND WAYFORWARD Project is at its terminal stage Findings from this study are being compiled and would be made known to CRI cassava and yam breeders. In the process of bringing the project to a successful termination A manuscript entitled “Status of insect pests of cassava and yam in Brong Ahafo and Ashanti regions after three decades of release of biological control agents in Ghana” is being reviewed by other team members and would be submitted for publication next month.

23. PROJECT 3 Development of comprehensive IPM packages for key vegetable crops in West Africa: Building upon and extending previous IPM-CRSP research SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE Develop and implement an IPM package for tomato growers in Ghana

24. Research Team Mr. M. Osei KPlant Breeder Dr. M. B. MochiahEntomologist Dr. J. N. L. LampteyVirologist Dr. G. Bolfrey-ArkuWeed Scientist Dr. K. OseiNematologist Dr. J. N BerchieAgronomist/Physiologist

25. Trial locations AshantiAgogo and Akomadan B/AhafoTanoso and Tuobodom U/EastPwalugu, Vea and Tono

26. Approach and Design Farmers Field School (20 farmers per location) 5 farmers were selected, each farmer’s field represented a rep 5 Tomato varieties 2 blocks: Researchers (IPM) Versus Farmers practice

27. Field/site selection Time of planting Seed treatment Good nursery practices and transplant production Appropriate Planting distances Timely application of fertilizers Pest management practices Weed management Harvesting on time Post-harvest practices IPM-CRSP TOMATO PACKAGE

28. Data Collection Percent plant establishment Days to 50% flowering Mean plant height at flowering Fruit set and Fruit abortion/drop Number of insect - especially fruit borers per plot Number of damaged fruits / Fruits with borer holes Total fruit at harvest (Marketable and non-marketable) Data being compiled for analysis (Comparison of data from the two fields)

29. Fruit borers: Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera sp The African bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera ) and leaf-eating caterpillars such as the cotton leafworm (Spodoptera sp) attack the developing and mature fruit of tomato

30. Activities forTomato IPM CRSP in 2012 Collection of whitefly populations from Ashanti, Brong Ahafo and Upper East regions of Ghana for molecular studies to determine if there is existence of biotypes Sampling & identification of whitefly natural enemies in the cropping systems in Ghana Compile data on weed incidence and whitefly occurrence on weeds Produce a tomato production guide

31. TRAINING, WORKSHOPS AND CONFERENCES ATTENDED IN 2011 AND 2012 IPM CRSP Regional Project Planning Meeting, Dakar, Senegal, 15-16 January 2012 Annual Review and Planning Workshop of DFID funded Competitive Projects, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, from 24 to 28 January, 2012. Strategic Research Conference organized by Peanut CRSP in St. Julian’s, Malta at the Westin Dragonara Hotel held on December 10th-16th, 2011. Training Workshop on Monitoring and Evaluation – DFID Funded Projects under Staple Crops Programme Cotonou, Benin14th-18th November, 2011 Gender And Participatory Methodology Workshop organized by Virginia Tech under IPM CRSP in Techiman, Brong Ahafo, Dery Hotel from 18 th - 22 nd July 2011. IPM CRSP Tomato Disease and Insect Pest Diagnostics Workshop organized by Virginia Tech that was held at The Biotechnology Centre, University of Ghana in Accra, June 20-24, 2011.

32. Publications Mochiah M.B., Baidoo P.K. and Owusu-Akyaw M. (2011). Influence of different nutrient applications on insect populations and damage to cabbage. Journal of Applied Biosciences 38: 2564 – 2572. (ISSN 1997–5902). Baidoo P.K. and Mochiah M.B. (2011). The influence of nutrient application on the pests and natural enemies of pests of okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)(Moench.) Journal of Applied Biosciences 41: 2765 – 2771. Mochiah M.B., Banful B., Fening K.O., Amoabeng B.W., Offei Bonsu K., Ekyem S.O, Braimah H. and Owusu-Akyaw M. (2011). Botanicals for the management of insect pests in organic vegetable production. Journal of Entomology and Nematology Vol. 3 (8): 85-97. Fening, K.O, Owusu-Akyaw, M. Mochiah, M.B., Amoabeng, B. Narveh, E. & Ekyem, S. (2011). Sustainable management of insect pests of green cabbage, Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L. (Brassicaceae), using homemade extracts from garlic and hot pepper. Paper accepted for 3 rd ISOFAR Scientific Conference at the 17th Organic World Congress, Gyeonggi Paldang, Republic of Korea, 28 th September – 1 st October 2011.

33. Publications Mochiah M.B. Baidoo P.K., Obeng A. and Owusu-Akyaw M. (2011). Tomato as an intercropped plant on the pests and natural enemies of the pests of cabbage (Brassica oleracea). International Journal of Plant Animal and Environmental Science. Vol. 1(3): 233-240. Issah U.S., Afun J.V.K., Mochiah M.B., Owusu-Ayaw M., and Braimah H. (2011). Resistance status of some maize lines and varieties to the maize storage weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (motschulsky) (coleoptera: curculionidae). Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. Vol. 11 (3): 1466-1473. Issah U.S., Afun J.V.K., Mochiah M.B., Owusu-Ayaw M., and Braimah H. (2011). Effect of some local botanical materials for the suppression of maize Weevil populations. International Journal of Plant Animal and Environmental Science. Vol. 1(3): 270-275. Baidoo P.K. Mochiah M.B. and Apusiga K. (2012). Onion as a pest control intercrop in organic cabbage (Brassica oleracea) production system in Ghana. Sustainable Agricultural Research Vol. 1 No. 1: 36-41 Banful B. and Mochiah M. B. (2012). Biologically efficient and productive okra intercropped system in a tropical environment. Trends in Horticultural Research. Vol. 1 No. 1: 1-7.

34. THANK YOU!