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MANAGEMENT OF COMMON POST OPERATIVE ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTER COMPLICATIONS
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78 yo male c ISD following open radical prostatectomy. 3-5 pads per day AMS tandem cuff AUS implanted in 2008 Very satisfied with results, able to return to active life of fishing and golfing 5-7 days weekly PMH: Myesthenia Gravis 2010; h/o Prostate Cancer; Depression PSH: Open Radical Prostatectomy; Tandem Cuff AUS; Right Inguinal Hernia Repair 9/2011 Meds: Cellcept & Zoloft Social: Retired; Non Smoker; Avid golfer & fisher; Wife Retired OR Nurse CASE
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October 2011: Presented to ED with a red edematous scrotum & difficulty manipulating scrotal pump. Symptoms developed over 2-3 week period Denies pain, dysuria, hematuria, fever or chills Physical Exam AVSS Nl Penis R hemiscrotum mild erythema/induration/pump fixed to scrotal wall/skin dimpled/minimal TTP WBC 12 UA not sent by ED Antibiotics US demonstrating simple fluid collection surrounding scrotal pump CASE CONTINUED
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Labs - WBC 12; UA not sent by ED Imaging Scrotal US as outpatient Cystoscopy -> no urethral erosion/no bladder neck contracture The patient was diagnosed with an infected AUS and taken to operating room on 11/28/11 CASE CONTINUED
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Scrotal Exploration/Explant of Scrotal Pump/Cystoscopy/Placement of Foley Catheter Indurated/inflammatory rind Clear fluid surrounding pump – cultured Urethral cuffs intact without evidence of infection Deactivation of system in deflated position -> Rubber shad connections -> pump removed -> tubing kinked and tied off Post Operative Course PICC Line: Ceftriaxone/Vancomycin Foley D/C in office POD#2 Subsequent cultures all negative OR 11/28/2011
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12/3/11: Re-presents to the ED with clear liquid drainage from scrotal incision. Catheter removed day prior. No F/C, N/V. No SP TTP Difficult Foley Pollack/sensor wire -> 12F Foley over wire Labs: Body fluid Cr collected but not sent by ED Outpatient urethrogram normal – no extravasation Catheter removed, patient represented to Memorial c urinary retention Punch SPT placed 12/8/11 CASE CONTINUED
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First developed and implanted in 1974 Over 20,000 devices implanted Main indications ISD – post prostatectomy Neurogenic bladder dysfuntion AUS INDICATIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS
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ComponentsOutcomes Urinary continence achieved 73% (range 61%-96%) Post-prostatectomy continence ≈ 90% OUTCOMES OF AUS
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Urinary Retention Urethral Atrophy Erosion –5 – 15% Early Infection: 1-3% general 10% pelvic radiation or reoperation (Montague, 1992) Mechanical Failure 3% device malfunction Less common with newer AMS models AUS COMPLICATIONS
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Make sure cuff is deflated and pump deactivated US or Floroscopic guided Suprapubic Tube Placement Prevent damage to pre-pubic balloon pump Prevent urethral erosion Retention lasting > 2 weeks may warrant reoperation for cuff upsizing URINARY RETENTION
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Most common reason of AUS reoperation Presents with painless increased leakage of urine Chronic compression of spongy tissue under occlusive cuff More common in patients with pelvic radiation Treatment: Re-Operation Cuff Downsizing Move cuff to more proximal or distal location Tandem Cuff Insertion URETHRAL ATROPHY
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5% overall incidence (less common now than in past) Risk Factors*: HTN/CAD/Pelvic Radiation/AUS Revision Presentation: UTI/Pain/Fever/Scrotal Swelling/Fistula Treatment: Explant of all components Urethral Catheter 2-4 weeks or until no extravasation on urethragram Reimplantation after 3-6 months. EROSION Hussain, 2005 Martins, 1995 Walsh, 2002 * Kim, 2008 * Gohma, 2002
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Deactivation Deactivation for 6 weeks decreased erosion from 18% to 1.3% Reimplant following erosion 8.7% - 35% recurrent erosion Nightly deactivation recommended Transcoporal cuff may decrease risk further EROSION Motley & Barret, 1990 Raj, 2006
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Early mechanical failure rates 12% Decreased to 7.6% following introduction of narrow backed cuff and improvement in cuff composition that decreased cuff leak Actual device failure currently quoted at only 3% Failures include kinking of tubing Early experience with large cuff sizes (≥5.5cm) and improper balloon selection MECHANICAL FAILURE
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1-3% rate after implant RR increased in individuals with pelvic radiation/reoperation Presentation: Scrotal pain, fixed scrotal pump, erythema Gross Purulence/Sepsis/Bacteremia/UTI/Ketoacidosis/Immunosupp ression* Explant of AUS Is there a role for immediate salvage re implant operation for infected prosthesis? INFECTION Hussain, 2005 Martins, 1995 Walsh, 2002 Kim, 2008
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SALVAGE OF INFECTED AUS 8 patients, 9 salvage procedures 5/8 patients Tandem Cuff AUS only 3/8 patients AUS + Penile Prosthesis Follow-up 5-66 mo (mean 33mo) 87% success rate (1 patient required reoperation and removal for erosion)
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SALVAGE OF INFECTED AUS 7 solution irrigation
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MANAGEMENT OF COMMON POST OPERATIVE ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTER COMPLICATIONS
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