1. Chapter 8: Republic of Korea’s Vision for Unification

2. Both Korea’s different claims and formulae for unification Each intention to achieve unification on their own terms Republic of Korea’s Korean National Community Unification Formula vs. North Korea’s Democratic Federal Republic of Koryo Formula Both Korea’s different claims and formulae for unification Each intention to achieve unification on their own terms Republic of Korea’s Korean National Community Unification Formula vs. North Korea’s Democratic Federal Republic of Koryo Formula Different Paths to Unification A Competition for Unification

3. 6 0 1 1 North Korean Refugees to the Republic of Korea Refugee trend over the years Source: Ministry of Unification

4. 6 0 1 1 North Korean Refugees to the Republic of Korea Refugees

5. Korean National Community Unification Formula Philosophy of unification: a humane democracy 3-Stages Procedure of unification: Reconciliation and cooperation => North-South Korean Union => A Unified Nation Korean National Community Unification Formula Philosophy of unification: a humane democracy 3-Stages Procedure of unification: Reconciliation and cooperation => North-South Korean Union => A Unified Nation Unification envisioned by Republic of Korea Republic of Korea’s Unification Formula Source: Ministry of Unification

6. Principles of unification: independence, peace, democracy Independence: based on the spirit of self-determination, unification will be discussed between the two parties of North and Republic of Korea Peace: without resorting to force but through conversation and negotiation Democracy: using procedures and methods in line with democratic principles Principles of unification: independence, peace, democracy Independence: based on the spirit of self-determination, unification will be discussed between the two parties of North and Republic of Korea Peace: without resorting to force but through conversation and negotiation Democracy: using procedures and methods in line with democratic principles Unification envisioned by Republic of Korea Republic of Korea’s Unification Formula Source: Ministry of Unification

7. North Korea’s Democratic Federal Republic of Koryo Formula First, Republic of Korea should liquidate its `military Fascist rule’ for democratization and repeal the National Security Law which defines North Korea as a rebellious organization. Second, the Korean peninsula should be free of tension and the danger of war by replacing the Armistice Agreement with a peace treaty. Third, the United States should discontinue its manipulation of the two Koreas and its interference in Korean internal affairs and withdraw the US forces in the Republic of Korea. North Korea’s Democratic Federal Republic of Koryo Formula First, Republic of Korea should liquidate its `military Fascist rule’ for democratization and repeal the National Security Law which defines North Korea as a rebellious organization. Second, the Korean peninsula should be free of tension and the danger of war by replacing the Armistice Agreement with a peace treaty. Third, the United States should discontinue its manipulation of the two Koreas and its interference in Korean internal affairs and withdraw the US forces in the Republic of Korea. Unification envisioned by North Korea North Korea’s Unification Formula Source: Kim Il Sung, sixth congress of the North Korean Workers' Party held on October 6, 1980

8. …continued Fourth, as a means of achieving unification based on the ‘three grand principles’ of independence, peaceful means, and national unity as specified in the July 4 Joint Communique of 1972, North and South Korea should form a Democratic Federal Republic of Koryo while retaining their existing ideologies and systems. The Federal Republic of Koryo would comprise one nation, one state, two systems, and two regional governments. …continued Fourth, as a means of achieving unification based on the ‘three grand principles’ of independence, peaceful means, and national unity as specified in the July 4 Joint Communique of 1972, North and South Korea should form a Democratic Federal Republic of Koryo while retaining their existing ideologies and systems. The Federal Republic of Koryo would comprise one nation, one state, two systems, and two regional governments. Unification envisioned by North Korea North Korea’s Unification Formula Source: Kim Il Sung, sixth congress of the North Korean Workers' Party held on October 6, 1980

9. Rise of global, universal norms International consensus on Republic of Korea’s lead and initiative for unification Republic of Korea’s past efforts for denuclearization and inter-Korean reconciliation, exchanges Rise of global, universal norms International consensus on Republic of Korea’s lead and initiative for unification Republic of Korea’s past efforts for denuclearization and inter-Korean reconciliation, exchanges In Today’s Globalized World… Unification in the 21 st century

10. Less popular interest toward unification Worries for the cost of unification Deepening divergence Less popular interest toward unification Worries for the cost of unification Deepening divergence Addressing some reservations toward unification Unification in the 21 st century

11. Rethinking unification costs Differences and similarities from the experience of the unification of Germany Renewed emphasis on the benefits of unification Comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of unification needs to be developed Rethinking unification costs Differences and similarities from the experience of the unification of Germany Renewed emphasis on the benefits of unification Comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of unification needs to be developed Points to Consider What to Do…

12. Park Geun-Hye administration’s new emphasis on the benefits of unification Prospect for a unified Korea as part of advanced and growing economy Political and diplomatic benefits of unified Korea contributing to regional and global stability and peace Park Geun-Hye administration’s new emphasis on the benefits of unification Prospect for a unified Korea as part of advanced and growing economy Political and diplomatic benefits of unified Korea contributing to regional and global stability and peace What are the Benefits? Unification is Bonanza!

13. More than 73 million population, level of GDP with the status of global 8 th Productive population will reach 58% $86,000 GDP per capita Gradual decrease of military expenditure down toward 1.4% of GDP More than 73 million population, level of GDP with the status of global 8 th Productive population will reach 58% $86,000 GDP per capita Gradual decrease of military expenditure down toward 1.4% of GDP New Face of Korea Unified Korea

14. Contribute to the transformation of great power politics of Northeast Asia Resolution of the North Korea nuclear crisis, establishment of a more stable regional security architecture Potential for multilateral security cooperation in the region Contribute to the transformation of great power politics of Northeast Asia Resolution of the North Korea nuclear crisis, establishment of a more stable regional security architecture Potential for multilateral security cooperation in the region Regional Contribution Unified Korea and Northeast Asia

15. Unification would require international consensus and support Trustpolitik and the Turst-building Process on the Korean Peninsula Economic assistance to North Korea which will relieve North Korean sufferings and lessen unification costs eventually Unification would require international consensus and support Trustpolitik and the Turst-building Process on the Korean Peninsula Economic assistance to North Korea which will relieve North Korean sufferings and lessen unification costs eventually Path to Korean Unification Diplomatic Efforts by Republic of Korea

16. Trustpolitik Introduced by President Park Geun-hye “In order to transform the Korean Peninsula from a zone of conflict to a zone of trust, South Korea should adopt a policy of “trustpolitik,” establishing mutually binding expectations based on global norms.” (Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct 2011 Issue) Gradually establish an infrastructure of trust between countries and leaders, and cooperate towards common goals Establish sustainable peace and, ultimately to work towards the peaceful unification of the Korean Peninsula “In order to transform the Korean Peninsula from a zone of conflict to a zone of trust, South Korea should adopt a policy of “trustpolitik,” establishing mutually binding expectations based on global norms.” (Foreign Affairs, Sep/Oct 2011 Issue) Gradually establish an infrastructure of trust between countries and leaders, and cooperate towards common goals Establish sustainable peace and, ultimately to work towards the peaceful unification of the Korean Peninsula

17. Initiative for Peaceful Unification on the Korean Peninsula President Park Geun-hye in Dresden, Germany (March 2014)

18. Initiative for Peaceful Unification on the Korean Peninsula President Park Geun-hye in Dresden, Germany (March 2014) Goal: To construct a ‘new kind of Korean Peninsula’ by overcoming 4 existing barriers - wall of military confrontation, wall of distrust, socio-cultural wall, wall of isolation Three Proposals for laying the groundwork for peaceful unification Agenda for humanity Agenda for co-prosperity Agenda for integration Additional proposals Construction of an international peace park in the DMZ Economic and security incentives for North Korea’s denuclearization Goal: To construct a ‘new kind of Korean Peninsula’ by overcoming 4 existing barriers - wall of military confrontation, wall of distrust, socio-cultural wall, wall of isolation Three Proposals for laying the groundwork for peaceful unification Agenda for humanity Agenda for co-prosperity Agenda for integration Additional proposals Construction of an international peace park in the DMZ Economic and security incentives for North Korea’s denuclearization

19. Trust-building Process on the Korean Peninsula (1/3) The Park Geun-hye administration’s North Korea policy Policy Concept Building trust between the South and the North based on ensuring reliable national security, establishing peace on the Korean Peninsula, and laying the groundwork for eventual unification Background Decades-long vicious cycle must be put to an end and North Korea must be transformed into a responsible member of the international community The security crisis on the Korean Peninsula, including North Korea’s nuclear weapons, must be fundamentally resolved Seeking an integrated approach by adopting the advantages of past policies towards North Korea Policy Concept Building trust between the South and the North based on ensuring reliable national security, establishing peace on the Korean Peninsula, and laying the groundwork for eventual unification Background Decades-long vicious cycle must be put to an end and North Korea must be transformed into a responsible member of the international community The security crisis on the Korean Peninsula, including North Korea’s nuclear weapons, must be fundamentally resolved Seeking an integrated approach by adopting the advantages of past policies towards North Korea

20. Trust-building Process on the Korean Peninsula (2/3) The Park Geun-hye administration’s North Korea policy Major Objectives Evolution of inter-Korean ties Allowing peace to take root on the Korean Peninsula Establishment of a foundation for unification Principles Balanced approach A North Korea policy that evolves over time Cooperation with the international community Major Objectives Evolution of inter-Korean ties Allowing peace to take root on the Korean Peninsula Establishment of a foundation for unification Principles Balanced approach A North Korea policy that evolves over time Cooperation with the international community

21. Trust-building Process on the Korean Peninsula (3/3) The Park Geun-hye administration’s North Korea policy Policy Priorities North Korea policy based on strong national security Trust-building through implementation of agreements Nurturing conditions for North Korea’s right decisions North Korea policy based on national trust of the people and the international community Specific Project Goals Normalization of inter-Korean ties through trust-building Pursuit of sustainable peace on the Korean Peninsula Reinforcement of unification infrastructure Establishing a virtuous cycle of a peaceful unification on the Korean Peninsula and peaceful cooperation in Northeast Asia Policy Priorities North Korea policy based on strong national security Trust-building through implementation of agreements Nurturing conditions for North Korea’s right decisions North Korea policy based on national trust of the people and the international community Specific Project Goals Normalization of inter-Korean ties through trust-building Pursuit of sustainable peace on the Korean Peninsula Reinforcement of unification infrastructure Establishing a virtuous cycle of a peaceful unification on the Korean Peninsula and peaceful cooperation in Northeast Asia

22. Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation Initiative (NAPCI) (1/4) The Park Geun-hye administration’s foreign policy in Northeast Asia What is NAPCI? A process for establishing an order of multilateral cooperation in Northeast Asia, which focuses on how to accumulate small but meaningful practices of cooperation and what kind of changes these could bring in Northeast Asia Background : Need to overcome the “Asian Paradox” in the region Deepening economic interdependence vs. Relatively underdeveloped political & security cooperation in the region Lack of Multilateral cooperation mechanism to deal with intra-regional conflicts What is NAPCI? A process for establishing an order of multilateral cooperation in Northeast Asia, which focuses on how to accumulate small but meaningful practices of cooperation and what kind of changes these could bring in Northeast Asia Background : Need to overcome the “Asian Paradox” in the region Deepening economic interdependence vs. Relatively underdeveloped political & security cooperation in the region Lack of Multilateral cooperation mechanism to deal with intra-regional conflicts

23. Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation Initiative (NAPCI) (2/4) The Park Geun-hye administration’s foreign policy in Northeast Asia Objective Aims to turn the “trust-deficit” into a “trust-surplus” by promoting the habit or culture of multilateral dialogue and cooperation Lay a foundation for sustainable peace and prosperity Basic Principles Use a gradual, step-by-step approach Begin with non-traditional soft-security issues Complement existing mechanisms for cooperation Pursue multi-layered and multi-dimensional cooperation Promote open dialogue and cooperation Take a collaborative approach as co-architects Objective Aims to turn the “trust-deficit” into a “trust-surplus” by promoting the habit or culture of multilateral dialogue and cooperation Lay a foundation for sustainable peace and prosperity Basic Principles Use a gradual, step-by-step approach Begin with non-traditional soft-security issues Complement existing mechanisms for cooperation Pursue multi-layered and multi-dimensional cooperation Promote open dialogue and cooperation Take a collaborative approach as co-architects

24. Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation Initiative (NAPCI) (3/4) The Park Geun-hye administration’s foreign policy in Northeast Asia Achievements 1. A broader recognition of and support for the initiative from the international community In 2014 alone, more than 25 countries /international bodies expressed support for NAPCI Projects for cooperation on non- traditional security issues Held successfully Track 1.5 Forums including 2014 NAPCI Forum (28-30 OCT 2014), ROK-NATO (9 JUL 2014), ROK-EU (18-19 SEP 2014) Seminars on NAPCI, etc. 2. Projects for cooperation on non-traditional security issues Proposal of Northeast Asia Nuclear Safety Consultative Body (President Park, 15 AUG 2014) / TRM+ among ROK, PRC and JPN plus USA, RUS and relevant I.O.s Various Meetings/Forums(Track 1.5) for Energy Security, Environment, Epidemics/Health, Narcotics, Disaster Relief, Etc. Achievements 1. A broader recognition of and support for the initiative from the international community In 2014 alone, more than 25 countries /international bodies expressed support for NAPCI Projects for cooperation on non- traditional security issues Held successfully Track 1.5 Forums including 2014 NAPCI Forum (28-30 OCT 2014), ROK-NATO (9 JUL 2014), ROK-EU (18-19 SEP 2014) Seminars on NAPCI, etc. 2. Projects for cooperation on non-traditional security issues Proposal of Northeast Asia Nuclear Safety Consultative Body (President Park, 15 AUG 2014) / TRM+ among ROK, PRC and JPN plus USA, RUS and relevant I.O.s Various Meetings/Forums(Track 1.5) for Energy Security, Environment, Epidemics/Health, Narcotics, Disaster Relief, Etc.

25. Northeast Asia Peace and Cooperation Initiative (NAPCI) (4/4) The Park Geun-hye administration’s foreign policy in Northeast Asia Future Plans Outreach Activities towards the international community including major countries in the region and relevant I.O.s Joint Seminars with cooperative partners Research Projects for cooperation in non-traditional security issues Regularize the High-Level NAPCI Meeting(Track I) and the NAPCI Forum (Track II) Support from the international community is crucial to enlarge cooperation among the Northeast Asian countries Future Plans Outreach Activities towards the international community including major countries in the region and relevant I.O.s Joint Seminars with cooperative partners Research Projects for cooperation in non-traditional security issues Regularize the High-Level NAPCI Meeting(Track I) and the NAPCI Forum (Track II) Support from the international community is crucial to enlarge cooperation among the Northeast Asian countries

26. Thank you