1. NORTHWEST ENERGY EFFICIENCY ALLIANCE Affordable Performance Home Initial thoughts…… November 2011

2. 2 Where We Are: Upper limits of “standard” building practices Legislated, short energy code upgrade cycles Growing market awareness of the need for energy efficient and more sustainable homes Existing technology limitations Emerging technologies & practices

3. 3 “Standard” Building Practices ‎Shell  2x6 Walls, R-23  Trussed attics, R-49  Joisted floors over a crawlspace, R-30  Vinyl-framed windows, u-value 0.30  Air leakage > 3.0 ACH 50 ‎Systems  Forced air furnace or heat pump  Gas-fired or electric resistance water heater  Single point ventilation / fresh air

4. 4 Energy Code Upgrades ‎Legislated ‎Short cycles (3 years) ‎Savings targets (typically 15% per cycle) ‎Running out of upgrade measures within “standard” practice limits ‎Crossing performance boundaries (e.g. infiltration rates declining w/poor ventilation practices)

5. 5 Market Awareness ‎Other home performance benchmarking programs with stretch goals  LEED for Homes  Passive House ‎Regional climate change response targets ‎Homebuyer expectations ‎New infrastructure  Performance testing & certification  Appraisal

6. ‎Many current practices and systems are at their limits  2x6 walls  Design space heating loads are so small that the smallest furnaces are too large  Further air-tightening will require much better understanding and design of ventilation systems  Conventional water heaters at the limits of their design type Technology 6 ‎Several emerging technologies and practices can substantially reduce energy use  New wall types (double stud, strap, layers)  New window technologies  New HVAC systems such as DHPs can deliver great performance in homes with small loads  Very high efficiency balanced ventilation systems allow much tighter construction  New gas and electric water heater technologies offer big savings

7. However…….. ‎These new practices and technologies will require a lot of market preparation, training and demonstration – more than a typical 3- year code cycle allows. 7

8. A New Tier of Performance? ‎Significant benefits  Allows more time to prepare the market before placing some of these measures in code  Delivers larger savings per home  Leverages NEEA’s Emerging Technologies work  Windows  DHPs  HPWHs  Gas condensing water heaters 8

9. New Tier Characteristics 9 –Appealing to upper tier of production builders –“Doable” – uses available technologies and practices that leading edge builders are already using –Embodies a “sweet spot” – maximum savings at minimum cost –Demonstrates practices that can become part of the energy code later

10. Draft Specification (Heating Zone 1) 10

11. Draft Specification ‎Walls: u = 0.035  2x6 16" o.c. w/ 2x2 interior strapping, R23 BIB FG or cellulose insulation; or 2x4 double stud on 2x8 plate w/BIB FG or cellulose insulation and R2.2 exterior insulation, typical. 11 ‎Flat ceilings: u = 0.020  R49 truss typical ‎Vaulted ceilings: u = 0.027  2x12 or 12" I-joist 24" o.c. w/ R38 insulation typical

12. Draft Specification ‎Foundations:  Crawlspace: u = 0.025  12-inch I-joist 16" o.c., R38 batts typical  Slab: Thermally isolated inside stem wall  Minimum R5 thermal break, R15 inside stem wall and footing below slab, R15 under the perimeter 4 ft of unheated slab. If slab is heated, minimum R20 under entire slab.  Basements, any height: R20 wall insulation, fully insulated rim/band joists.  If basement floor is less than 4 ft below grade, R15 under the perimeter 4 ft of unheated slab. If slab is heated, minimum R20 under entire slab. 12

13. Draft Specification ‎Windows: u = 0.25  Calculated as an area-weighted average. Any SHGC. 13 ‎Doors: u = 0.20  Calculated as an area-weighted average. ‎Infiltration: Maximum 2.0 ACH 50  Requires balanced ventilation system ‎Maximum envelope UA = 380 Btu/hr-deg F

14. Draft Specification ‎Systems:  HRV / ERV: Required  Minimum SRE 80% IAW NRC/CSA C439-06. Max electricity use 0.75 watt/cfm at design continuous operating speed.  Heating/Cooling:  AFUE: 94%, HSPF: 9.0, EER: 12.0, COP: 3.0  Ducts: Inside  Maximum 5% of duct area allowed outside. Minimum duct insulation R4 for space heating ducts (NR for ventilation ducts).  Domestic Hot Water: Northern Climate HPWH or Minimum gas-fired EF = 0.81 14

15. Performance – Space Heating 15

16. Performance – Whole House 16

17. Savings 17 2200 sq ft Prototype Energy Savings Htg Zone 1 Energy Star (kWh, Th) Htg Zone 1 NEEA HPH (kWh, Th) Htg Zone 2 Energy Star (kWh, Th) Htg Zone 2 NEEA HPH (kWh, Th) Space Heat (HP):1,0782,1691,5913,403 Space Cooling:12141214 Water Heating:1,681 1,800 Lighting: Plug Loads: Appliances: Gas Space Heating:6114498234 Furnace Electricity Use:283227455425 Gas Water Heating:50 54 Total, All Electric:2,7703,8643,4045,218 Total, Gas-Heated: Natural Gas:112194152288 Electricity:295242467439

18. New HVAC Strategies 18 Start with ventilation …..

19. System Design is Important 19

20. Ductless Heat Pumps DHP Does the Conditioning

21. HRV Does the Distribution

22. The 1,454 kWh Solution Then Add Water Heating Efficiency

23. The 749 kWh Solution Extra Efficiency, Where Applicable

24. Thank You