1. G EOGRAPHIC I NFORMATION S YSTEMS Models, Libraries and Tools www.esri.com/environment

2. D ATA M ODELS Data models are used to represent real world objects in a GIS Earliest non trivial models include GBF-DIME, POLY VRT, and TIGER Currently there are 3 main types: Vector Models. Raster Models. Surface Models. REAL WORLD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 GRID RASTERVECTOR mississippi.deltastate.edu/ data /.../Lecture%202%20- %20GIS%20 data %20 models. ppt

3. D ATA M ODELS Vector Models Spaghetti ModelsNetwork ModelsTopological Models Source: www.ils.unc.edu/~ruvam/INLS110_111/.../ vectordatamodel s. ppt

4. D ATA M ODELS Raster Models Surface Models: Raster Based Models Vector Based Models. - TINS - Theissen Polygons Source: www.ils.unc.edu/~ruvam/INLS110_111/.../ vectordatamodel s. ppt

5. E NVIRONMENT M ANAGEMENT AND GIS Pre-processing of data Sampling Geometric transformation Format conversion Modeling and analysis Auto-correlation Regression Interpolation Post-processing Visualization Reporting www.esri.com/environment http://www.safe.com/solutions/ GIS/documents/marriage-cad- gis.pdf

6. FOSS AND ENVIRONMENTAL M ODELING

7. System Softwares Linux, MS-Windows Geospatial Data Processing Libraries Data Management Data Integration Geo-analytical Tools Data Storage and Serving Scripting languages Perl,Python User Interface G EOSPATIAL S OFTWARE S TACKS

8. GIS O PEN S OURCE L IBRARIES GDAL/OGR C++ libraries for raster and vector data respectively. JTS (Java Topological Suite) Complete suite for 2D spatial algorithms based on the Simple Features for SQL specification of OGS. GEOS is its C++ port. JCS (Java Conflation Suite) Java based tool for conflation and cleaning of spatial data sets, which helps in error detection and automatic/manual correction. GPSBabel Tool to between various GPS data formats. It can translate waypoints, routes and tracks and partially signal quality information between various data formats.

9. G EOSPATIAL A PPLICATIONS Wikipedia http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/casa/hydrologic/swat.html

10. Source: http://www.safe.com/solutions/GIS/documents/marriage-cad-gis.pdf Both are GIS applications Reduction of redundancies in data collection and maintenance Promotes information sharing and standardization of procedures Increases functionality and efficiency GIS AND CAD : N EED FOR INTEGRATION

11. Milestones Workstation Phase AutoCAD, Desktop GIS products ArcCAD, AutoCAD Map, Autodesk World Web Phase Whip! (Autodesk DWF TM Viewer), MapGuide Wireless Phase Autodesk Onsite View, Location-Based Services, Enterprise GIS I MPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INFLECTION POINTS ON GIS AND CAD

12. F UTURE Service Oriented Architecture Demand for rapid data and application processing