1. Revision Pack Of Mice and Men Literature exam 45 minutes One question in two parts (parts a and b)

3. Context Death of the American dream Racism and segregation Collapse of banks/ Wall Street Crash 1929 Spanish civil war WW2 about to start Poverty and homelessnes s Dust bowl Unemployment The Great Depression

4. George and Lennie camp in the brush by a pool, the night before starting new jobs as ranch hands.

5. George finds Lennie stroking a dead mouse in his pocket. He complains that caring for Lennie prevents him from living a freer life. We find out that Lennie's innocent petting of a girl's dress led to them losing their last jobs in Weed.

6. However, when they talk about their dream of getting a piece of land together, we know they really depend on each other.

7. When they arrive at the ranch in the morning, George and Lennie are shown around by old Candy.

8. They meet their boss and, later, his son, Curley - George is suspicious of Curley's manner and warns Lennie to stay away from him.

9. They see Curley's pretty and apparently flirtatious wife and meet some of their fellow workers, Slim and Carlson.

10. Later that evening, George tells Slim about why he and Lennie travel together and more about what happened in Weed.

11. The men talk about Candy's ancient dog, which is tired and ill. Carlson shoots it, as an act of kindness.

12. George tells Candy about their dream of getting a piece of land and Candy eagerly offers to join them - he has capital, so they could make it happen almost immediately.

13. Curley provokes Lennie into a fight, which ends up with Lennie severely injuring Curley's hand.

14. The following night, most men on the ranch go into town. Crooks is alone in his room when Lennie joins him.

15. They talk about land - Crooks is sceptical, not believing that George and Lennie are going to do what so many other men he's known have failed to do, and get land of their own. Yet when Candy happens to come in as well, Crooks is convinced and asks to be in on it too.

16. Curley's wife arrives. She threatens Crooks and an argument develops. Crooks realises he can never really be part of George, Lennie and Candy's plan.

17. Next afternoon, Lennie accidentally kills the puppy that Slim had given him by petting it too much. He's sad.

18. Curley's wife finds him and starts talking very openly about her feelings. She invites Lennie to stroke her soft hair, but he does it so strongly she panics and he ends up killing her too. He runs away to hide, as George had told him.

19. Lennie hides in the brush by the pool. He dreams of his Aunt Clara and the rabbits he will tend when he and George get their land.

20. George finds Lennie and talks reassuringly to him about the little place they will have together - then shoots him with Carlson's gun.

21. When the other men find George, they assume he shot Lennie in self-defence. Only Slim understands what George did and why.

22. Exposition…  Of Mice and Men is structured very much like a play; ‘scenes’ are described at their opening and take place in one location.  The whole novella takes place over one weekend- this short time frame intensifies the impact of these dramatic events.  It also means that the final ‘scenes’ take place on a Sunday, supposedly a day of rest and religious reflection. American Dream Loneliness Friendship Dreams Position of Women Nature vs MankindPower and weakness

23. Lennie Steinbeck in The New York Times, 1937: Lennie was a real person. He’s in an insane asylum in California right now. I worked alongside him for many weeks. He didn’t kill a girl. He killed a ranch foreman. ( Utterly reliant on George for food, shelter, work and companionship. He therefore hero-worships him. He loves to touch soft things, particularly the fur of animals but this has constantly caused trouble for him- with his Aunt Clara, with the woman in Weed, and with Curley’s wife.

24. George  Starting going around with Lennie out of guilt as he tricked him into jumping into a river when he could not swim.  Recognises that having a companion helps him aspire to living a better, self-sufficient life.  Feels isolated as he cannot fully confide in or converse on equal terms with his only companion.

25. Curley  The man who runs the farm (though his father is officially the boss).  Wears a glove full of Vaseline, supposedly to keep it soft for his wife- though this is a rumour, and would be his only ‘kind’ gesture.  Small and angry, particularly at big, strong guys like Lennie.  Liable to get into fights.

26. Curley’s wife  The only woman who is a clear character in the novel as she affects and is affected by the plot.  Reduced status because of society’s sexism at the time.  She is treated as if she is less than human: she is never given a name.  Associated with the colour red which has associations with passion, sex, anger and blood.  Is given animal associations: her death occurs in a barn where she is being ‘petted’ by Lennie. Her death forshadow’s Lennie’s death. Steinbeck in a letter to Miss Luce 1938: Quite early she learned that she must never trust anyone…Her moral training was most rigid. She was told over and over that she must remain a virgin…It would have been impossible to seduce her…She learned she had to be hard to cover her fright. And automatically she became hardest when she was most frightened. She is a nice, kind girl and not a floozy. If anyone- a man or a woman-gave her a break- treated her like a person- she would be a slave to that person. Her craving for contact is immense…She is afraid of everyone in the world

27. Crooks  Well educated  Completely isolated- partly by society’s prejudice, and partly by his own rejection of society.  He is tormented not only because of his race, but because of the injury to his back, and his lowly status on the ranch.

28. Slim  Well respected with a skilled labouring job.  He is viewed as something of a god on the ranch- the real boss.

29. Candy  An old swamper (cleaner)  His only companion is his dog.  He’s a gossip and doesn’t like Curly but…  He is afraid, knowing that soon he will be unable to work and will have nowhere to go.

30. Carlson and Whit  Typical ranch workers- only interested in making money to spend on their own desires.

31. Chapter One George and Lennie are about to arrive at the ranch. It is clear that George loves being outdoors in the beauty of the natural world rather than working for someone else on a ranch. This is agreed as a safe haven for them to meet if anything goes wrong. It is clear that Lennie idolised George. The companions talk about their dream to own their own land and be self-sufficient. They recognise that because they have each other, they have a chance in life Lennie’s love of animals is highlighted, along with zoomorphic imagery of him as a bear. Chapter Six George and Lennie have left the ranch and meet by the pool, their agreed haven. Nature’s beauty has been replaced by its viciousness- a heron eats a water snake. Lennie still utterly trusts George, however, George realises that there is no escaping what has happened this time. He also knows that his dream (and the American Dream) will never come true. He is as isolated as all the other ranchers. George shoots Lennie in the back of the head, mirroring the death of Candy’s dog, and therefore, once more transforming Lennie into an animal

32. Past Paper Question to test you. Read the extract and the question carefully. Highlight as you read. Identify language. Context only for part B. (a)What methods does Steinbeck use in this passage to present George and Lennie? (a)How do you think Steinbeck uses the relationship between George and Lennie in the novel as a whole to convey important ideas about society at that time?

33. Evening of a hot day started the little wind to moving among the leaves. The shade climbed up the hills toward the top. On the sand- banks the rabbits sat as quietly as little grey, sculptured stones. And then from the direction of the state highway came the sound of footsteps on crisp sycamore leaves. The rabbits hurried noiselessly for cover. A stilted heron laboured up into the air and pounded down-river. For a moment the place was lifeless, and then two men emerged from the path and came into the opening by the green pool. They had walked in single file down the path, and even in the open one stayed behind the other. Both were dressed in denim trousers and in denim coats with brass buttons. Both wore black, shapeless hats and both carried tight blanket rolls slung over their shoulders. The first man was small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. Every part of him was defined: small, strong hands, slender arms, a thin and bony nose. Behind him walked his opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulders; and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. His arms did not swing at his sides, but hung loosely and only moved because the hands were pendula. The first man stopped short in the clearing, and the follower nearly ran over him. He took off his hat and wiped the sweatband with his forefinger and snapped the moisture off. His huge companion dropped his blankets and flung himself down and drank from the surface of the green pool; drank with long gulps, snorting into the water like a horse. The small man stepped nervously beside him. “Lennie!” he said sharply. “Lennie, for God’s sake don’t drink so much.” Lennie continued to snort into the pool. The small man leaned over and shook him by the shoulder. “Lennie. You gonna be sick like you was last night.” Lennie dipped his whole head under, hat and all, and then he sat up on the bank and his hat dripped down on his blue coat and ran down his back. “Tha’s good,” he said. “You drink some, George. You take a good big drink.” He smiled happily. George unslung his bindle* (*like a swag with your sleeping gear) and dropped it gently on the bank. “I ain’t sure it’s good water,” he said. “Looks kinda scummy.” Lennie dabbled his big paw in the water and wiggled his fingers so the water arose in little splashes; rings widened across the pool to the other side and came back again. Lennie watched them go. “Look, George. Look what I done.” George knelt beside the pool and drank from his hand with quick scoops. “Tastes alright,” he admitted. “Don’t really seem to be running, though. You never oughta drink water when it ain’t running, Lennie,” he said hopelessly. “You’d drink out of a gutter if you was thirsty.” He threw a scoop of water into his face and rubbed it about with his hand, under his chin and around the back of his neck. Then he replaced his hat, pushed himself back from the river, drew up his knees and embraced them. Lennie, who had been watching, imitated George exactly. He pushed himself back, drew up his knees, embraced them, looked over to George to see whether he had it just right. He pulled his hat down a little more over his eyes, the way George’s hat was.