1. Civilisation des Etats Unis--7a: Civil War Prof. Sämi LUDWIG UHA Mulhouse

2. South: “King Cotton” o Northern capital o shipping: railroads vs. Mississippi o export to Europe: tariff problems  1833 Nullification Controversy (South Carolina) o expansion of slavery vs. “Free Soilers”  John C. Calhoun: export property?

3. Picking cotton:

4. 1848 Zachary Taylor elected, dies in office - vice president Millard Fillmore 1850 Fugitive Slave Act “Great Compromise of 1850”

5. 1820 Missouri Compromise: territories decide “Great Compromise of 1850”: Henry Clay, KY, Stephen A. Douglas, IL, get support from Daniel Webster, MA

6. Fugitive Slave Act of 1850: Abolitionists against the law

7. e.g., “civil disobedience” Henry David Thoreau’s “Resistance To Civil Government” (1849): “I do not hesitate to say, that those who call themselves abolitionists should at once effectively withdraw their support, both in person and property, from the government of Massachusetts, and not wait till they constitute a majority of one... I think that it is enough if they have God on their side, without waiting for that other one. Moreover, any man more right than his neighbors, constitutes a majority of one already.”

8. - “If a thousand men would not pay their tax-bills this year, that would not be violent and bloody measure, as it would be to pay them, and enable the State to commit to violence and shed innocent blood. This is, in fact, the definition of a peaceable revolution, if any such is possible.”  nonviolent resistance - “The only obligation which I have a right to assume, is to do at any time what I think right.” - “I heartily accept the motto —‘that government is best which governs least;’” - “Let your life be a counter friction to stop the machine.

9. 1852 Franklin Peirce “dark horse,” handsome, pleasing (friend of Hawthorne’s) 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act: “Bloody Kansas” - two governments:

10. Charles Sumner speech on “The Crime against Kansas” attacked by Preston Brooks Ostend manifesto for annexation of Cuba (400’000 slaves)

11. 1856 James Buchanan elected 1857 Dred Scott Decision: taken to Illinois  sued for freedom returned Supreme Court:  “born a slave”

12. 1859 Harper’s Ferry, VA: John Brown’s raid on federal arsenal to start insurrection

13. ... huge mural painted by John Steuart Curry in the Kansas state capitol, shows a wild, crazed man

14. John Brown leaving the Court House

15. Battle Hymn of the Republic: John Brown's body lies a-mold'ring in the grave (3x) His soul goes marching on. Glory, Glory! Hallelujah! (3x) His soul is marching on. He captured Harper's Ferry with his nineteen men so true He frightened old Virginia till she tremble through and through They hung him for a traitor, but themselves the traitor crew His soul is marching on. John Brown died that the slave might be free, (3x) But his soul is marching on! The stars above in Heaven are looking kindly down (3x) On the grave of old John Brown

16. Literature of idealism: Federalist debate followed by nationalism and American Romanticism = American Renaissance = Transcendentalism based on Kant - Ralph Waldo Emerson - Henry David Thoreau - Herman Melville - Nathaniel Hawthorne - Edgar Allan Poe  but women? Margaret Fuller! Reform movements - utopian communities (Brook Farm) - education, e.g. Bronson Alcott - Abolitionism