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CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Advances in the AVHRR Pathfinder Sea Surface Temperature Climate Data Record and its Connections with GHRSST Reanalysis.

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Presentation on theme: "CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Advances in the AVHRR Pathfinder Sea Surface Temperature Climate Data Record and its Connections with GHRSST Reanalysis."— Presentation transcript:

1 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Advances in the AVHRR Pathfinder Sea Surface Temperature Climate Data Record and its Connections with GHRSST Reanalysis Activities Kenneth S. Casey and Tess B. Brandon NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center, USA Craig Donlon and Nick Rayner Met Office Hadley Centre, UK

2 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 AVHRR Pathfinder Working toward the SST Climate Data Record from Space: –All AVHRRs 1981-near present –Consistent and accurate, with errors –Global (GAC) resolution of 4.6 km and some regional 1 km (LAC/HRPT) Goals partially met: –1985-near present –Afternoon satellites, (NOAA-9,11,14,16,18 and morning NOAA-17) –Uncertainties and LAC/HRPT in progress

3 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Global Map of Human Impacts Benjamin S. Halpern, S. Walbridge, K. A. Selkoe, C. V. Kappel, F. Micheli, C. D'Agrosa, J. F. Bruno, K. S. Casey, C. Ebert, H. E. Fox, R. Fujita, D. Heinemann, H. S. Lenihan, E. M.P. Madin, M. T. Perry, E. R. Selig, M. Spalding, R. Steneck, R. Watson (2008). A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science, vol. 319, no. 5865, pp. 948-952 (DOI: 10.1126/science.1149345). Pathfinder SSTs used in many applications…

4 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 GHRSST

5 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 DMI SST for 06 May 2008 SST °C °E °N Gdynia

6 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Pathfinder and GHRSST AVHRR Pathfinder –Focused solely on the AVHRR sensor series back to 1981 GODAE High- Resolution SST (GHRSST) –Focused on bringing together multiple sensors

7 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Why Connect the Two? Only AVHRR can fill this gap back to 1981…

8 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Filling the Gaps (A)ATSR Reanalysis for Climate AVHRR Pathfinder Version 6 GOES SEVIRI AMSRE MODIS TMI

9 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 SST Anomaly for 06 May 2008 SST Anomaly °C °E °N Gdynia

10 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Pathfinder Since CLIMAR-II Added final data for 2002-2006 and interim 2007 Generated pre-cloud screened temporal and spatial averages for 1985-2007 Established techniques for doing 1981-1984 Created new harmonic climatologies Used in Reynolds Daily 25 km OI Provided for OSTIA-based GHRSST Reanalysis Processing being transferred to NODC for Version 6: In GHRSST L2 and L3 formats NASA supporting error estimate and LAC/HRPT development! New!

11 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 New Pathfinder Climatology Based on AVHRR Pathfinder V5 – Uses highest quality data only (qf=7) –1985-2006 – 4.6 km resolution Developed using Harmonic Analysis –Annual and semi-annual components fit to five-day average time series SST clim =Acos(2πt + B) + Ccos(4πt + D) + E

12 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 PFV5 Harmonics Annual Amplitude (0 to 10 degrees C) Semi Annual Amplitude (0 to 3 degrees C)

13 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 19 30 Climatological SST Off Cape Hatteras, USA

14 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Climatology Evaluation Climatology#Bias (ºC)Std (ºC) Harmonic PFV5151.43 M-0.041.43 ICOADS Clim.150.23 M 0.131.50 NESDIS Clim.148.11 M 0.051.65 Based on assessment method of Casey and Cornillon (1999), using standard deviation of differences between climatology and individual ICOADS in situ observations

15 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 So…. Numerous advances made in AVHRR Pathfinder and in connecting it with GHRSST, but… Recommendation #13 from MARCDAT-1 (Boulder 2002): –Regular comparisons of SST analyses should commence. –Status: Little progress Enter, the GCOS SST and SI Working Group…

16 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Pathfinder-GHRSST-GCOS GHRSST Reanalysis goal: Link historical reconstructions to satellite-era analyses MARCDAT (and other recommendations) GCOS SST and Sea Ice Working Group Intercomparison site established at GHRSST Long Term Stewardship and Reanalysis Facility: http://ghrsst.nodc.noaa.gov/intercomp.html

17 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Initial Intercomparison Data Data Set NameResolutionDate Range AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5 Weekly One Degree, Monthly Five Degree Jan 1985 – Dec 2007 Operational AVHRRWeekly One DegreeDec 1981 – July 2007 Hadley Centre SSTWeekly One Degree, Monthly Five Degree Dec 1981 – Nov 2005 NOAA Optimum Interpolation Version 2 Weekly One Degree, Monthly Five Degree Jan 1985 – Dec 2007 NOAA Daily ¼-degree Optimum Interpolation Weekly One Degree, Monthly Five Degree Dec 1981 – Oct 2007 Hadley Centre Sea Ice and SST (HadISST) Monthly Five DegreeJan 1981 – Nov 2007 NOAA Extended Reconstruction Monthly Five DegreeJan 1981 – Oct 2007 Kaplan ReconstructedMonthly Five DegreeJan 1981 – Oct 2007

18 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Initial Intercomparison Metrics Phase One –Time series of global and hemispheric anomalies –Time-latitude sections of anomalies –Fields of standard deviation, linear trend, lag1 autocorrelation Phase Two –Maps of RMS differences between fields –Maps of time-averaged differences between fields –Time series for selected regions and a small selection of GHRSST diagnostic data set sites –Spatial autocorrelation

19 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Example Comparisons

20 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Tess Brandon’s Poster

21 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Closing Thoughts We’ve come a long way since Boulder in 2002: –GHRSST –Pathfinder –GCOS SST and SI WG But we have a long way to go… –Complete Pathfinder as a sustained system –Maturity of the GCOS intercomparisons –Producing full-scale GHRSST Reanalysis 1000 netCDF/day! Over 23 years! Intercomparisons!

22 CLIMAR-III, Gdynia, Poland, May 2008 Kenneth.Casey@noaa.gov NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center

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