1. Festivals of the Church Year ŠkolaKatolické gymnázium T ř ebí č, Otmarova 22, T ř ebí č 674 01 Název projektuModerní škola Č íslo projektuCZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0464 ŠablonaIII/2 Inovace a zkvalitn ě ní výuky prost ř ednictvím ICT Autor DUM Paula Torresan Název DUM Festivals of the Church year Kód DUMVY_32_INOVACE_ 1.1.13_Festivals_of_the_Church_year Datum vytvo ř ení 31/08/2013 P ř edm ě t Anglický jazyk Tematická oblast Anglicky mluvicí zem ě Výstup ŠVP Reálie anglicky mluvících zemí Anotace DUM PowerPoint prezentace o k ř es ť anských svátky. Metodický popis Prezentace slouží k seznámení student ů s nejd ů ležit ě jšími informacemi o k ř es ť anských svátky. Hodnocení DUM p ř isp ě l k hlubšímu zapamatování č i procvi č ení u č iva. Autor prohlašuje, že ř ádn ě uvedl všechny použité zdroje. Pokud není uvedeno jinak, použitý materiál je z vlastních zdroj ů autora.

2. What is the Church year The Church year, or liturgical year, is based on the events which happened in the life of Jesus Christ. It begins with the promise of his come, then his birth, his life on earth, his passion, his resurrection and the effects of all these events on the course of history. It starts at the end of November - beginning of December. Christmas and Easter are its two fundamental celebrations.

3. Advent The Church year begins on the first Advent Sunday. Advent time is four weeks long and ends on Christmas Eve on 24 December. It is a period of fasting, as believers are awaiting the coming of the Saviour. On the first Advent Sunday Christians light the first candle on the Christmas wreath, where four candles stand symbolising the four Sundays before Christmas. We light one candle each Sunday. Another tradition is that of building or buying an advent calendar, which is made of 24 little boxes/“windows“ which children open from 1 December until 24 December. They find a little surprise in each box, usually a chocolate or a little gift. RIESER, Micha L. Adventskranz-1.Advent. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adventskranz-1.Advent.jpg

4. Saint Nicholas On the night of 5 December children in the Czech Republic stay awake and expect the visit of Svatý Mikuláš, who is celebrated on 6 December. He´s traditionally accompanied by an angel and the devil, the angel acting as an assistant with the gifts for good children, and the devil ready to take naughty children off with him to hell. Both Czech Svatý Mikuláš and the figure of Santa Claus (or Father Christmas) are actually inspired by the historical Saint Nicholas of Myra. He was a 4th century Greek Christian bishop famous for his generous gifts to the poor. In particular he helped three poor daughters of a pious Christian giving them money for their dowries, so that they would not have to become prostitutes. JANOTHIR. Santa and devil. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Santa_and_devil.JPG

5. Christmas At Christmas we celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ, Son of God. Christians believe he was born to redeem them from their sins. Nowadays both Christian and pagan traditions are honoured. In Czechia the celebrations begin on 24 December, which marks the end of fasting. On this day people fast as they hope they will see the Golden Pig, which should bring happiness and wealth. On Christmas Eve people have a sumptuous dinner with fish soup, fried carp and potato salad, followed by cukroví, confectionary. Then children expect to hear the sound of a bell, which announces the arrival of Baby Jesus. A decorated tree with many presents under it is then revealed. Then Christians celebrate Jesus´ birth attendind to the midnight Holy Mass. FRETWURST, Nils. Baby boy, one month old. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-09-11]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baby_boy,_one_month_old.jpg?uselang=cs

6. Christmas in Britain In the English speaking world the celebrations begin on the morning of Christmas day, 25 December, when children wake up and find the decorated Christmas tree and the gifts brought by Santa Claus (or Father Christmas). Then Christians go to the Holy Mass, and back home have Christmas dinner. In Britain Christmas dinner usually consists of turkey roast with stuffing, followed by Christmas pudding. Before dinner begins, the people sitting around the table grab a cracker, make it bang, finding inside a joke and a paper hat, which they immediately wear. At three o´clock people sit in front of the TV to listen to the annual speech by the Queen. Picture above right: CGROS841. ChristmasCrackers 2. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ChristmasCrackers_2.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ChristmasCrackers_2.jpg Picture above left: MUSICAL LINGUIST. Christmas pudding. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christmas_pudding.JPG

7. Other Christmas holidays On 26 December people go to visit family and friends to exchange gifts. This day is known as St. Stephen´s day in the Czech Republic, and as Boxing Day in the UK. That´s because on that day people in Britain used to give money to the postman, the milkman, etc., who would go aroung wishing a merry season carrying boxes to collect the tips. On 31 December people celebrate New Year´s Eve, marking the end of the old calendar year and the beginning of the new one. Epiphany or Three Kings, takes place on 6 January. People are reminded of the legendary visit of the Three Kings, who carried gold, frankincense and myrrh. They have been commonly known as Melchior, Caspar and Balthasar. The Gospel of Matthew states that they came "from the east“. Abraham Bloemaert - The adoration of the Magi. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abraham_Bloemaert_-_The_adoration_of_the_Magi_- _Google_Art_Project.jpg

8. Candlemas and Carnival Candlemas is another Christian celebration which occurs 40 days after Christmas. Traditionally the term "Candlemas" (or Candle Mass) referred to the practice whereby a priest on 2 February blessed beeswax candles for use throughout the year, some of which were distributed to the faithful for use in the home. It usually marks the end of the Christmas season and the beginning of the Carnival season. Carnival ends on Shrove Tuesday, when the Carnival celebrations culminate. In Britain it is called Pancake day, as people ate richly before the period of fasting began. Nowadays pancake races take place, in which competitors must toss the pancake. It is followed by Ash Wednesday, which is the beginning of Lent. Ashes are placed on the foreheads of believers as a sign of mourning. Left: FIGUEIREDO, Pedro. Pancake race London on your marks. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pancake _race_London_on_your_marks.jpg Right: OXH973, Jennifer Balaska. Crossofashes. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08- 23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crossofa shes.jpg

9. Lent and Palm Sunday Lent lasts 40 days, and it is a period of fasting and repentance commemorating the days Jesus spent in the desert getting ready for his passion and cruxifixion. Lent ends on Palm Sunday, when the Holy Week begins. On Palm Sunday Christians celebrate the triumphal entry of Jesus Christ into Jerusalem, the week before his death and resurrection. Traditionally, it is said that he sat on a donkey and people greeted him holding palm branches. For many Christian churches, Palm Sunday, often referred to as "Passion Sunday," marks the beginning of Holy Week, which ends on Easter Sunday.

10. Easter During the Holy Week Christians celebrate the passion, the death and the resurrection of Jesus. That´s why Easter is the most important celebration for Christians. On Maundy Thursday the Last Supper is commemorated, when Jesus washed the feet of the Apostles and transformed bread and wine into his body and blood. On Good Friday we are reminded of Jesus´ sacrifice. Jesus was arrested for having proclaimed himself the King of the Jews. While he was praying in the Gethsemane garden, he was betrayed by Jude with a kiss, and brought to the tribunal, where he was sentenced to death. Jesus had to carry the cross on which he was crucified to the Golgotha on his shoulders. Nowadays people fast on Good Friday and attend a celebration in which the scriptures of these events are read. On Easter Sunday Christians celebrate Jesus´ resurrection from the death, and so the completion of his mission on earth. This is the most important Christian celebration.

11. PADGETT, James. Bible Illustrations contributed by Sweet Publishing. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bible_Illustrations_contributed_by_Sweet_Publishing

12. Pentecost Forty days after Easter there is Ascension Day, to remind the ascension of Jesus to heaven. Probably the third biggest celebration for Christians, after Easter and Christmas, is Pentecost. It takes place on the seventh Sunday after Easter Sunday. Christians commemorate the occasion when the Holy Spirit descended on the Twelve Apostles. Before his ascension into heaven, Jesus had promised his disciples that he would send the Holy Spirit to give them strength and wisdom to spread the gospel throughout the world. (Acts 1:8) Anthonis van Dyck - Die Ausgießung des Heiligen Geistes. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthonis_van_Dyck_- _Die_Ausgie%C3%9Fung_des_Heiligen_Geistes.jpg

13. Holy Mary There are many other important celebrations during the Church year, here follow the best known. On 15 August Christians celebrate the Ascension of St. Mary to heaven. According to Catholics, St. Mary plays a fundamental role in Jesus´ life and mistery. Furthermore, Catholics believe that Mary was still a virgin when she conceived Jesus. There are other two big celebrations of St. Mary in the Catholic Church Year: the Feast of the Immaculate Conception on 8 December and Mary, Mother of God, Queen of Peace, on 1 January. The months of May and October are traditionally "Marian months" for Roman Catholics, e.g. the daily Rosary is encouraged in October and in May Marian devotions take place in many regions. Tizian 041. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tizian_041.jpg

14. All Saints´ and All Souls´ Days All Saints´ Day, on 1 November, and All Souls´ Day, on 2 November, are two festivals, which are partly connected to the Celtic tradition of Halloween. All Saints´ is a celebration in honour of all the saints, known and unknown. They set an example of how Christians should live. On All Souls´, Christians commemorate their faithful departed. They visit the cemetery, they pray for their dear ones who are dead, bring them flowers and light candles, which symbolises the hope that the life of our dear one still goes on. MOESTL., Juergen. Urnenhain. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-10-30]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Urnenhain.jpg?uselang=cs

15. Jesus Christ the King The Church Year ends on the last Sunday before advent, with the feast of Christ the King. Christians are those who believe that Jesus is God and the Lord of every living being. They believe they are united in Christ, and that they live to spread the message of love of Jesus Christ. IGLESIA EN VALLADOLID. Cruz jovenes 001. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cruz_jovenes_001.jpg?uselang=cs REGO, Tânia. Missionárias da Caridade na JMJ Rio. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mission%C3%A1rias_da_Caridade_na_JMJ_Rio.jpg?uselang=cs

16. Použitý materiál Č lánek: Liturgical year. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_festivals http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_festivals Obrázky: RIESER, Micha L. Adventskranz-1.Advent. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adventskranz-1.Advent.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adventskranz-1.Advent.jpg JANOTHIR. Santa and devil. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Santa_and_devil.JPG http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Santa_and_devil.JPG FRETWURST, Nils. Baby boy, one month old. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-09-11]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baby_boy,_one_month_old.jpg?uselang=cshttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baby_boy,_one_month_old.jpg?uselang=cs CGROS841. ChristmasCrackers 2. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ChristmasCrackers_2.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ChristmasCrackers_2.jpg MUSICAL LINGUIST. Christmas pudding. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christmas_pudding.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christmas_pudding.JPG Abraham Bloemaert - The adoration of the Magi. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abraham_Bloemaert_-_The_adoration_of_the_Magi_-_Google_Art_Project.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abraham_Bloemaert_-_The_adoration_of_the_Magi_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg PADGETT, James. Bible Illustrations contributed by Sweet Publishing. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bible_Illustrations_contributed_by_Sweet_Publishinghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bible_Illustrations_contributed_by_Sweet_Publishing Anthonis van Dyck - Die Ausgießung des Heiligen Geistes. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013- 08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthonis_van_Dyck_-_Die_Ausgie%C3%9Fung_des_Heiligen_Geistes.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthonis_van_Dyck_-_Die_Ausgie%C3%9Fung_des_Heiligen_Geistes.jpg Tizian 041. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-08-23]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tizian_041.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tizian_041.jpg MOESTL., Juergen. Urnenhain. In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wikimedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-10-30]. Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Urnenhain.jpg?uselang=cs http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Urnenhain.jpg?uselang=cs