1. Chapters 13, 14 and 15 Early Medieval, Romanesque and Gothic Art

2. Medieval Art 500-1500 AD Middle Ages 3 periods: 1.Early Medieval 2.Romanesque 3.Gothic

3. Early Medieval Fall of Rome Charles the great (Charlemagne) King of the Franks crowned emperor by the pope on Christmas Day in 800 AD and became the 1 st Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne created a great empire and encourages learning and the arts Preserved ancient manuscripts His death in 814 AD created feudalism- system in which weak noblemen gave up their lands and much freedom to more powerful lords in return for protection Most people were serfs- poor peasants with no land

4. Early Medieval Churches and Monasteries Most built of wood and warfare destroyed them Monks- illuminated manuscripts Manuscripts of the Gospels were illustrated with small paintings of the Evangelists- Matthew, Mark, Luke and John Symbols- Matthew- angel, Mark-lion, Luke- bull and John- eagle

6. Romanesque Period Peak of feudal system- lords, kings Castles- symbols of authority Tapestries- textile wall hangings that were woven or embroidered with colorful scenes and hung to keep the dampness out Cities grew and towns had a central church

7. Tapestries

8. Romanesque Period Church revival Relief carvings Tympanium (half round panel that fills the space between the lintel and arch over the doorway of the church) People naturally lift their eyes before entering a church (perfect location) Normally shows a large central figure with small figures (known as Bibles in Stone) Space between the columns- elongated figures

9. Portal Sculpture Elongated figures fill the space between columns

10. Tympanium

12. Church Wall Paintings Presented as easy to understand religious symbols Flat quality

14. Gothic Art Gothic- term used to identify a period that began around the middle of the 12 th century and lasted until the late 15 th century The name was coined by critics who scorned the art of the period because it didn’t hold the standards of ancient Greek and Roman Art Because the Goths and other barbarian tribes had brought about the fall of Rome, the term Gothic was given to buildings that replaced classical forms (The Goths had nothing to do with the construction or design of the buildings)

15. Romanesque to Gothic Art Most buildings were begun in the Romanesque period and finished in the Gothic period, merging the two styles If the greatest of the Medieval Arts was architecture, then the Gothic cathedral was Medieval architecture’s greatest triumph

16. Innovations in Cathedral Architecture During the 13 th century, French architects developed the pointed arch, piers and the flying buttress. These innovations allowed builders to create slender, soaring Gothic cathedrals By replacing the rounded arch with a pointed one, they could reduce the sideways pressure (or thrust) of a stone roof Because the curve of a pointed arch is more vertical, the thrust is directed downward to the columns or piers

17. Innovations in Cathedral Architecture Buttress- a support or brace that counteracts the outward thrust of an arch or vault Because they had to reach out over the side aisles of the church, they became known as “Flying Buttresses” The use of the pointed arches, piers and buttresses created a counterthrust system which eliminated the need for solid walls As a result, the space was filled with stained glass windows

18. Notre Dame Cathedral, France

20. Flying Buttress

21. The Rose Window