1. 1 Safety on Natural Gas Well Sites WVONGA Fall Meeting Stonewall Resort September 11, 2012 Brandon Takacs, MS, CSHM Wayne Lundstrom, MS, CSP, CSHM WVU Safety and Health Extension

2. 2 Overview Industry Classification, Data, Injury and Illness Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s role Managing Safety and Health on Oil and Gas Well Sites

3. 3 Classification, Data, Injury and Illness

4. 4 Industry Classification Note: Includes oil & gas extraction (21111), Drilling Oil & Gas Wells (213111), and Support Activities (213112)

5. 5

6. Hazards and Sources of Injuries and Fatalities HazardSource Struck by Falling/moving pipe; tongs and/or spinning chain, kelly, rotary table, etc.; high pressure hose connection failure causing employees to be struck by whipping hose; tools/debris dropped from elevated location in rig; vehicles Caught in/Between Collars and tongs, spinning chain, and pipe; clothing gets caught in rotary table/drill string Fire/Explosion/ High Pressure Release Well blowout, drilling/tripping out/swabbing etc. results in release of gas which might be ignited if not controlled at the surface; welding/cutting near combustible materials, uncontrolled ignition sources near the well head, e.g., heater in the doghouse, unapproved or poorly maintained electrical equipment; aboveground detonation of perforating gun Falls Fall from elevated areas of the rig, i.e., stabbing boar, monkey board, ladder, etc.; fall from rig floor to grade Chemical Exposure H 2 S release during drilling, swabbing, perforating operations, etc. resulting in employee exposures; production tank gauging operations, gaugers sometimes exposed to H 2 S Source: OSHA Profile: Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing

7. 7 STRUCK – BY

8. 8 FALLS

9. 9 CAUGHT BETWEEN

10. 10 CHEMICAL HAZARDS An airborne contaminant of concern is Silica.

11. 11 NIOSH Identified Primary Sources of Silica Exposure 116 Samples Taken by NIOSH OSHA PEL = Calculated Method Over Exposures (Calculated OSHA PEL):47% of samples 10 Times More than PEL:9% of samples 25 times PEL:1 Sample NIOSH (REL) = 0.05 mg/m3 Over Exposure to REL:79% 10 Times REL:31% More than 100 times REL:1 Sample

12. 12 What is the Problem With Silica Sand? 1.Up to 4 million pounds of sand is typically used to “frac” a single well. 2.Hydraulic fracturing sand contains up to 99% silica. 3.Respirable Crystalline Silica: Aerodynamic diameters < 10 micrometers.

13. Source: Thief Hatch Controls

14. Source: Fill Ports and Vehicle Traffic

15. Source: Transfer Belts and Sand Movers Control: Distance from Source Control: Wet Methods

16. Source: Dragons Tail on Sand Movers Transfer Belt Controls: Wet Methods

17. Source: Transferring of Sand

18. Source: Transfer Operations Not Operating Operating

19. 19 OSHA’s Position and Response OSHA Region 3, Local Emphasis Program 1.DIRECTIVE NUMBER: 2012-30 (CPL 04) Health High Hazard Work Places Without an OSHA Inspection Since 1998 2.DIRECTIVE NUMBER: 2012-01 (CPL 04) Regional Emphasis Program for the Oil and Gas Service Industry OSHA, National Emphasis Program 1.OSHA Instruction CPL 03-00-007 National Emphasis Program on Crystalline Silica Resources 1.OSHA e-tools, Silica Advisor 2. Sampling: Insurance Carrier, WVU SHE, Consultant

20. WVU Scientist Designs Novel System Wireless environmental monitoring module being tested. Dr. Michael McCawley — Dr. Michael McCawley, interim chair of the Department of Environmental Health in WVU's developing School of Public Health, is testing air monitoring equipment. He is interested in measuring dust and volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, as well as light and sound coming from the site.

21. 21 FIRE, EXPLOSION, HIGH PRESSURE