1. Chapter 5: Civil Rights and Public Policy The Struggle for Equality African Americans’ Civil Rights The Rights of Other Minority Groups Women and Public Policy Other Groups Active Under the Civil Rights Umbrella Affirmative Action Understanding Civil Rights and Public Policy Summary

2. The Struggle for Equality Conceptions of Equality – Civil Rights - Policies protect people against ________________. – Equal opportunity - Same ____________ to use their abilities and skills in order to succeed. – Equal results – Everyone should have the same _____________ such as earn the same salary or have the same amount of property. LO 5.1 To Learning Objectives

3. The Struggle for Equality The Constitution and Inequality – ______________ is not in the original Constitution. – First mention of equality in the _______ Amendment – Equal protection of the laws. LO 5.1 To Learning Objectives

4. African Americans’ Civil Rights The Era of Slavery – ________ _________ v. Sandford (1857) ruled that slaves had no rights. – The Civil War (1861-1865) was fought between 11 Southern States and National Government. – __________ Amendment (1865) was passed after the Civil War and it outlawed slavery. LO 5.2 To Learning Objectives

5. African Americans’ Civil Rights The Era of Reconstruction and Segregation – _________ __________ Laws (1877–1954) made separate facilities legal. – ___________ v. _______________ (1896) ruled separate but equal facilities were constitutional. LO 5.2 To Learning Objectives

6. African Americans’ Civil Rights Equal Education – __________v. Board of Education (1954) ruled school segregation _____________ unconstitutional. – Busing of students was solution for ___ ______ segregation (by law) and ___ _________ segregation (in reality). LO 5.2 To Learning Objectives

7. African Americans’ Civil Rights The Civil Rights Movement and Public Policy – _________ ____________ Act of 1964 is the public policy that made racial discrimination in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and that forbade many forms of job discrimination. LO 5.2 To Learning Objectives

8. African Americans’ Civil Rights Voting Rights – _______________ is the legal right to vote. – _______________ Amendment extended suffrage to African Americans. – ___________ Tax – A small tax levied on the right to vote. – White Primary - Only whites were allowed to vote in the party primaries. LO 5.2 To Learning Objectives

9. African Americans’ Civil Rights Voting Rights (cont.) – ____________ v. Allwright (1944) ended the white primaries. – ___________ Amendment eliminated poll taxes for federal elections. – Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966) ruled no poll taxes at all. – ___________ ____________ Act of 1965 helped end barriers to voting. LO 5.2 To Learning Objectives

10. The Rights of Other Minority Groups Native Americans – Indian Bill of Rights - Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 applied most of the provisions of the Constitution’s Bill of Rights to ____________ governments. – Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez (1978) strengthened the tribal power of individual tribe members and furthered ____________- ______________ by Indian tribes. LO 5.3 To Learning Objectives

11. The Rights of Other Minority Groups Hispanic Americans – _________________ v. Texas (1954) extended protection against discrimination to Hispanics. – _____________ v. Regester (1973) ruled no multimember electoral districts in Texas. – Plyler v. Doe (1982) allows public education for ____________ immigrant children in Texas. LO 5.3 To Learning Objectives

12. The Rights of Other Minority Groups Asian Americans – During World War II more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent were moved to _______________ camps. – ____________________ v. U.S. (1944) upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during World War II. LO 5.3 To Learning Objectives

13. The Rights of Other Minority Groups Arab Americans and Muslims – Hamdi v. _______________ (2004) provided detainees the right to challenge their detention before a judge or other neutral decision maker. – Boumediene v. Bush (2008) provided foreign terrorism suspects the right to challenge their ____________________ in U.S. courts. LO 5.3 To Learning Objectives

14. Women and Public Policy The Battle for the Vote – The ____________ ___________ Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions that was signed on July 19, 1848 was the beginning of the suffrage movement for women. – The ____________________ Amendment was adopted in 1920 and guaranteed women the right to vote. LO 5.4 To Learning Objectives

15. Women and Public Policy The “Doldrums”: 1920–1960 – Laws were designed to protect women, and protect men from _______________ with women. – Equal Rights Amendment first introduced in Congress in ______________ LO 5.4 To Learning Objectives

16. Women and Public Policy The Second Feminist Wave – Reed v. Reed (1971) ruled that _____________ gender discrimination violated 14 th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause. – Craig v. Boren (1976) - Medium (intermediate) __________________ standard established for gender discrimination. – Equal Rights Amendment ______________ratification by states in 1982. LO 5.4 To Learning Objectives

17. Women and Public Policy Women in the Workplace – The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ____________ gender discrimination in employment. – The ________________ Discrimination Act of 1978 made it illegal for employers to exclude pregnancy and childbirth from their sick leave and health benefits plans. LO 5.4 To Learning Objectives

18. Women and Public Policy Wage Discrimination and _______________ ________________ – Median weekly earnings for women working full time are only __________________ percent those for men working full time. – The 1 st significant legislation that President Barack Obama signed was a 2009 bill outlawing discrimination in compensation. LO 5.4 To Learning Objectives

19. Women and Public Policy Sexual Harassment – ____________________ by Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964. – Harris v. Forklift Systems (1993) ruled that no single factor is required to win a sexual harassment case. – The law is violated when the workplace environment would reasonably be perceived, and is perceived, as hostile or abusive.” LO 5.4 To Learning Objectives

20. Women and Public Policy Women in the Military – Women make up about _______ percent of the active duty armed forces. – Congress opened all the service academies to women in 1975. – Only men may be _____________ or serve in ground combat. LO 5.4 To Learning Objectives

21. Other Groups Active Under the Civil Rights Umbrella Civil Rights and the ______________ of America – Age classifications fall under rational basis test. – Meacham v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (2008) ruled employer must show that action against a worker stems from reasonable factors ________ ________ _________. LO 5.5 To Learning Objectives

22. Other Groups Active Under the Civil Rights Umbrella Civil Rights and People with Disabilities – _________________ ____________ ____________________ Act of 1990 requires employers and public facilities to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment. LO 5.5 To Learning Objectives

23. Other Groups Active Under the Civil Rights Umbrella Gay and Lesbian Rights – Defense of Marriage Act (1996) lets states ____________________ same-sex marriages performed elsewhere. – VT, MA, CT, NH, and IA have legalized same sex marriages. – Lawrence v. Texas (2003) – Made ______________ homosexual acts protected by the Constitution. LO 5.5 To Learning Objectives

24. Affirmative Action LO 5.6: Trace the evolution of affirmative action policy and assess the arguments for and against it. _______________ __________________ – Policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group. Regents of the University of California v. ________________ (1978) – Ruled that racial set asides were unconstitutional, but can consider race in admissions. To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

25. Understanding Civil Rights and Public Policy Civil Rights and Democracy – Equality favors majority rule. – ________________ gave many groups political power. LO 5.7 To Learning Objectives

26. Understanding Civil Rights and Public Policy Civil Rights and the Scope of Government – Civil rights laws ______________________ the size and power of government. – Civil rights protect individuals against __________________ discrimination. LO 5.7 To Learning Objectives