1. 3.9 Differentials Let y = f(x) represent a function that is differentiable in an open interval containing x. The differential of x (denoted by dx) is any nonzero real number. The differential of y (denoted by dy) is given by dy = f’(x) dx

2. x dy

3. Comparing Let y = x 2. Find dy when x = 1 and dx = 0.01. Compare this value to when x = 1 and = 0.01. dy = f’(x) dx dy = 2x dx dy = 2(1)(.01) =.02 = f(1.01) – f(1) = 1.01 2 – 1 2 =.0201 (1, 1) dy = 0.02

4. Estimation of error. The radius of a ball bearing is measured to be.7 inch. If the measurement is correct to within.01 inch, estimate the propagated error in the Volume of the ball bearing. r =.7 r =.7 and propagated error relative error is Percentage error

5. Finding differentials Function DerivativeDifferential y = x 2 dy = 2x dx y = 2sin x dy = 2cos x dx y = x cos x y = sin 3x

6. and dy = f’(x) dx Let x = 100 and