1. MORE OR LESS EQUAL? Geography slideshow B Supported by:

2. GEOGRAPHY 4 The education gap

3. PERCENTAGE OF YOUNG PEOPLE ENROLLED IN PRIMARY SCHOOL IndiaUK

4. PERCENTAGE OF YOUNG PEOPLE ENROLLED IN SECONDARY SCHOOL IndiaUK

5. LEARNER–TEACHER RATIO IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IndiaUK

6. AVERAGE NUMBER OF YEARS OF SCHOOLING OF ADULTS India UK Aa Bb Cc

7. MEET SARADA AND SALMAN FROM INDIA I am in the last year of upper primary school. I think education is very important. At school, I take part in a number of extra- curricular activities and I have won some prizes. I dropped out of school in grade 1 and I now work as a sales assistant in a shoe shop. My mother says that she can’t afford to send me to school.

8. WHERE IN INDIA ARE THE STATES OF ANDHRA PRADESH AND TELANGANA?

19. WHY–WHY–WHY CHAIN ISSUE Why can’t some young people in India go to school? WHY?. WHY?. WHY?. WHY?. WHY? WHY WHY? WHY

20. WHY–WHY–WHY CHAIN ISSUE Why can’t some young people in India go to school? WHY? They can’t get there. WHY? They have to work. WHY? Parents can’t afford the fees. WHY? Some parents think that education is less important for girls. WHY? Some girls are married at 14 or 15. WHY? The school is too far away. WHY? Some families don’t allow girls to travel on public transport on their own. WHY? They need to help support their family. WHY? They need to help with housework or caring for siblings. WHY? Boys are often viewed as the main earners in the future. WHY? Families face pressure from traditional or religious practices. WHY? Lack of money invested in national and state education systems. WHY Some parents are worried that it will be unsafe for girls to travel. WHY Their parents might be unable to work or in very low-paid work. WHY Their parents might be out at work. WHY WHY? Parents struggle to find work or earn low wages. WHY

21. FUNDING GAPS IndicatorIndiaUK Percentage of GDP spent by the government on education in 2010 1 3.3%6.0% GDP (current US$) in 2010 (to the nearest billion) 1,709 billion2,408 billion Population ages 0–14 (to the nearest million) 380 million11 million Average amount of government money available for the education of each young person (ages 0 – 14) per year (to nearest US$) 2 US$148US$13,135

22. SPENDING THE BUDGET Social protection Transport Education Defence Housing Health Environment Arts and culture

23. Most important area of spending (the most money should be spent on it) Least important area of spending (the least money should be spent on it) HOW WOULD YOU SPEND THE BUDGET?

24. HOW IS THE BUDGET SPENT? England

25. HOW IS THE BUDGET SPENT? Wales

26. HOW IS THE BUDGET SPENT? Scotland

27. GEOGRAPHY 5 The health gap

28. Life expectancy Access to water Number of doctors per 1,000 people Number of hospital beds per 1,000 people Access to sanitation Infant mortality rate MEASURING HEALTH

29. ______ water carries diseases such as ________________________. _________ is needed to take away dirty water and other waste products in order to _______ people’s health. Access to _____ drinking water and sanitation means that the risk of catching these diseases is ______. dirty cholera, typhoid and dysentery sanitationprotect safe lower

30. Hospitals need electricity for _____________ ___________. Access to __________ means that hospitals can perform operations safely and provide ________ care for patients. medical equipment and lighting electricitybetter

31. TALKING ABOUT HEALTH CARE IN ETHIOPIA Health extension worker Government official Young Lives research officer Netsa Haymanot

32. TALKING ABOUT HEALTH CARE IN VIET NAM H’MaiPhuocHung Government officialYoung Lives research officer

33. WHY MIGHT H’MAI HAVE TROUBLE GETTING ALL THE HEALTH CARE SHE NEEDS? H’Mai

34. GEOGRAPHY 6 The UK gap

35. ESSENTIAL FOR LIFE? Sort the items into three groups: Essential for life Necessary for an acceptable standard of living in the UK Luxuries

36. ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE POVERTY Relative poverty line Absolute or extreme poverty line Median income Poorest Richest US$1.90 Income per day

38. CONSEQUENCES OF POVERTY IN THE UK People believing in stereotypes about those living in poverty Feeling different from other ‘normal’ people. Not always having enough money for proper, healthy food. Living in a cold house. Not having new clothes or other things that most young people have, like the latest phone or game. Health problems because of poor living conditions. Missing out on a social life because you can’t afford things like bus fares, sports or school trips or have friends around. Not being able to do school work properly because of not having a computer or a quiet place to work in at home. Feeling uncertain and fearful about the future.

39. Being hungry Health problems Being less able to concentrate in school Not being able to buy enough food to eat Not being able to heat your house properly Not having internet access at home Not being able to meet up with friends Not being able to afford bus fares Feeling ‘different’ Finding it difficult to do homework Poverty in the UK Not being able to buy new clothes Living in a cold and damp house

40. Living in poverty in the UK means that you might not be able to buy enough food to eat and therefore that you would go hungry at times. This means that you might be less able to concentrate in lessons and as a result you might find learning more difficult. Going hungry might also affect your health as you wouldn’t have a balanced and nutritious diet and might lack some vitamins and minerals. PUTTING IT INTO WORDS

41. PROMPT WORDS this means that for that reason consequently and so as a result therefore

42. GEOGRAPHY 7 Changes over time

44. TALKING ABOUT CHANGES Hadush Ethiopia The primary schools now have better services – for example there are now separate toilets for boys and girls. There is also an improved health centre which has enough beds and medical equipment. More people now have mobile phones. There is improved irrigation and farmers are now using motor irrigation pumps to help them to grow vegetables and grains. Yisak Tafere

45. TALKING ABOUT CHANGES Salman India The buildings of the local secondary school have improved: there are new windows and doors, freshly painted walls, a new girls’ bathroom and a computer room. New classrooms have also been built in the primary school. Children now get a free midday meal each day at secondary school as well as primary school. New roads have been built and rubbish is now being cleared regularly. Most of the households now have mobile phones. Dr Uma Vennam

46. TALKING ABOUT CHANGES Eva Peru Although most people have electricity and piped water available in the yard outside their house, many people still do not. Since 2011 there has been increased mobile phone access, as well as more public phones and an Internet booth. A public health post has been built in the village with a nurse and a doctor working there every day. A new road has been constructed which means that it is now quicker to get to the nearest public hospital. Vanessa Rojas Arangoitia

47. TALKING ABOUT CHANGES H’Mai Viet Nam There have been many changes in this community. An electricity grid has been installed which has made life much better than before. Nearly all homes now have electricity and more and more people are using the Internet. More roads have been constructed, making transport between villages easier. A new primary school and kindergarten have been built in the local area, which means that children don’t have to travel so far to school. Vu Thi Thanh Huong

48. IDEAL FUTURES TIMELINE 200020152030