1. Competence, supercompetence and modern health information packaging TEACH Workshop 2015

2. Outline Definitions for competence and packaging Historical perspective of information health information methods Historical background of health information packaging Modern health information packaging Supercompetence in modern information environment

3. Defining ‘Competence’ Competence implies that individuals can perform certain specified mental and physical tasks. They know the general rules required to complete the tasks in a reasonable period of time. Supercompetence implies that individuals perform certain specified mental or physical tasks. They know the general rules and understand the purpose of the rules. But they also know the exceptions to the rules. Source: J.W. Hurst. Essays from the Heart. New York: Raven Pr; 1995:70

4. Defining ‘Packaging’ Packaging1960 The action of putting things together in a single unit for sale, presentation, etc. Also: the presentation (of a person, product, concept, etc.)… A radio ‘package’ is exactly what the name would suggest—a complete program, including writers, an orchestra, entertainers, and all incidental talent, put together by the talent agent and delivered to an advertising agency. Source: OED Online. June 2015. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/ (accessed August 02, 2015)

5. Historical Perspective of Health Information “Handling” The classic trinity of information handling wears the labels of “storage,” “search,” and “retrieval.” Source: Rosenblum M. Medical information methods. Public Health Rep. 1967 Jul;82(7):601-7. PubMed PMID: 4961431

6. Health Information, the way it was … Understanding Information Sources Gathering Information Information Handling, including indexing and retrieval Distributing Information Information Packaging Source: Rosenblum M. Medical information methods. Public Health Rep. 1967 Jul;82(7):601-7. PubMed PMID: 4961431

7. Historical Background of Information Packaging It [the publishing process] comprises the preparation and packaging of information in a form easily accessible by the user. It includes the technical processes of editing, peer review and revision, publication and marketing. The publishing process must continue to provide a guarantee of quality that is recognized throughout the academic community. Source: Cox, JE., Publishers, publishing and the Internet: How journal publishing will survive and prosper in the electronic age. Electronic Library; Apr. 1997; vol. 15; iss.2, 125-131.

8. Information Package: traditional and emerging New England Journal of Medicine Harrison’s Online OMMBID UpToDate DynaMed JAMAevidence AccessMedicine ClinicalKey.com Thieme eOtolaryngology LWW Health Library Cochrane Library National Guideline Clearinghouse

9. Features of a traditional ‘information package” Identifiable structure: organization by type and content Specified types of studies and publications

10. Features of emerging ‘information packages’ Tailored information Repackaging of content Supplementary functionality Added multimedia tools Single online space

11. Content Packaging in Journal Publishing JAMAStart date LancetStart date Nature ReviewsStart date Psychiatry – continues Archives of General Psychiatry 2013 1960 Psychiatry2014 Neurology – continues Archives of Neurology 2013 1960 Neurology2002Neurology2005 Oncology2015Oncology2000Clinical Oncology – continues Nat Reviews Clinical Practice Oncology 2009 2004

12. Content Packaging in Journals ReviewsSystematic ReviewsMeta-analyses Lancet Oncology65019261 British Journal of Cancer 757300166 Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 24453 Nature Reviews Cancer JAMA OncologyN/A5

13. Content Packaging

14. Content Packaging in Books

16. Content Packaging in ClearingHouses & Repositories

17. Content Packaging in Specialty Resources

18. Content repackaging

19. Why Information is being Packaged To reduce complexity and variability To ensure quick and easy access To reduce information processing burden To attract use of information To simplify decision-making process Create a one-stop shop

20. Major Dilemmas of Information Packaging Tendency to separate and compartmentalize information Creates a barrier to our ability to see a complete scientific record Makes it difficult to meaningfully engage with information and data Does not always disclose criteria, history and underlying packaging structure Has potential to influence the use of evidence and the decision making process

21. Key features of effective knowledge resources Source: Cook DA, Sorensen KJ, Hersh W, Berger RA, Wilkinson JM (2013) Features of Effective Medical Knowledge Resources to Support Point of Care Learning: A Focus Group Study. PLoS ONE 8(11): e80318.

22. Supercompetence today Supercompetence implies that individuals perform certain specified mental or physical tasks. They know the general rules and understand the purpose of the rules. But they also know the exceptions to the rules. Source: J.W. Hurst. Essays from the Heart. New York: Raven Pr; 1995:70

23. Need to Know about Information Packages… What it Covers What it Includes and does not Include For whom it is targeted How it is packaged What is the underlying methodology to how information was selected and how it is presented

24. Summary A growing array of health information packaging efforts introduces new challenges to the existing burden of information processing Understanding the origin of information generation is essential when using packaged content. Awareness of unwanted and unintended consequences of using packaged information is critical

25. Questions?